arXiv:2503.16724cs.AIcs.LG2025-03被引 1

用视觉语言模型自动提取可解释特征,让强化学习决策更透明。

Towards Automated Semantic Interpretability in Reinforcement Learning via Vision-Language Models

  • 用预训练视觉语言模型自动提取人类可理解的语义特征。
  • 在三个任务中性能超越其他可解释模型,接近黑箱模型表现。
  • 适合关注AI决策透明性与可验证性的研究者和工程师。

强化学习中的语义可解释性有助于实现决策过程的透明化与可验证性。实现该目标需具备两个条件:(1)由人类可理解概念构成的特征空间,(2)可解释且可验证的策略。然而,传统方法依赖人工定义特征空间,难以泛化至未见环境;即使有可解释特征,多数强化学习算法仍采用黑箱策略模型,阻碍透明性。本文提出iTRACE框架,利用预训练视觉语言模型(VLM)自动提取语义特征,并通过强化学习训练可解释的树形模型。为解决VLM在强化学习循环中计算开销大的问题,我们将其输出蒸馏为轻量级模型。iTRACE通过自动化特征提取,降低了对人工标注的依赖,同时克服了VLM自身缺乏动作空间约束、无法直接优化策略等局限。我们在Atari游戏、网格世界导航和自动驾驶三个领域进行评估,结果表明iTRACE优于其他可解释策略基线,在相同可解释特征空间下性能媲美黑箱策略。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Semantic interpretability in Reinforcement Learning (RL) enables transparency and verifiability of decision-making. Achieving semantic interpretability in reinforcement learning requires (1) a feature space composed of human-understandable concepts and (2) a policy that is interpretable and verifiable. However, constructing such a feature space has traditionally relied on manual human specification, which often fails to generalize to unseen environments. Moreover, even when interpretable features are available, most reinforcement learning algorithms employ black-box models as policies, thereby hindering transparency. We introduce interpretable Tree-based Reinforcement learning via Automated Concept Extraction (iTRACE), an automated framework that leverages pre-trained vision-language models (VLM) for semantic feature extraction and train a interpretable tree-based model via RL. To address the impracticality of running VLMs in RL loops, we distill their outputs into a lightweight model. By leveraging Vision-Language Models (VLMs) to automate tree-based reinforcement learning, iTRACE loosens the reliance the need for human annotation that is traditionally required by interpretable models. In addition, it addresses key limitations of VLMs alone, such as their lack of grounding in action spaces and their inability to directly optimize policies. We evaluate iTRACE across three domains: Atari games, grid-world navigation, and driving. The results show that iTRACE outperforms other interpretable policy baselines and matches the performance of black-box policies on the same interpretable feature space.

强化学习可解释性视觉语言模型自动化特征

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