arXiv:2503.17501cs.RO2025-03中稿 · IEEE Transactions …被引 16

用触觉反馈实现柔顺抓握,让仿人机械手更灵活地操作易碎物品。

Shear-based Grasp Control for Multi-fingered Underactuated Tactile Robotic Hands

  • 通过五个指尖的微型触觉传感器实时获取接触姿态与受力信息。
  • 在物体重量变化、重心移动等扰动下仍能稳定抓持不破损。
  • 适合需要精细操作的机器人抓取任务,如柔性容器搬运与人机协作。

本文提出一种基于剪切力的控制方案,用于配备五指软体生物仿生触觉传感器(microTac)的Pisa/IIT仿人软机械手,实现对易碎物体的抓取与操控。这些微型触觉传感器是基于视觉的TacTip传感器的缩小版,可精确提取每个指尖的接触几何与力信息,并作为反馈输入控制器以动态调节抓握力。采用并行处理管道,异步采集多传感器触觉图像,并通过监督深度学习结合迁移学习技术建立统一的接触姿态与力模型。进而构建一个融合所有指尖力反馈的抓握控制框架,使机械手在外部干扰下仍能安全操控易碎物体。该框架应用于三项实验:保持柔性杯子在物体重量变化时不被压碎;动态重心变化下的倒液任务;以及由人类引导的触觉驱动主从操作任务。实验表明,借助触觉感知的快速反射控制,欠驱动机械手展现出更类人的灵巧性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

This paper presents a shear-based control scheme for grasping and manipulating delicate objects with a Pisa/IIT anthropomorphic SoftHand equipped with soft biomimetic tactile sensors on all five fingertips. These `microTac' tactile sensors are miniature versions of the TacTip vision-based tactile sensor, and can extract precise contact geometry and force information at each fingertip for use as feedback into a controller to modulate the grasp while a held object is manipulated. Using a parallel processing pipeline, we asynchronously capture tactile images and predict contact pose and force from multiple tactile sensors. Consistent pose and force models across all sensors are developed using supervised deep learning with transfer learning techniques. We then develop a grasp control framework that uses contact force feedback from all fingertip sensors simultaneously, allowing the hand to safely handle delicate objects even under external disturbances. This control framework is applied to several grasp-manipulation experiments: first, retaining a flexible cup in a grasp without crushing it under changes in object weight; second, a pouring task where the center of mass of the cup changes dynamically; and third, a tactile-driven leader-follower task where a human guides a held object. These manipulation tasks demonstrate more human-like dexterity with underactuated robotic hands by using fast reflexive control from tactile sensing.

触觉控制机械手柔性抓取人机协作

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