用混合模型提升心脏病预测准确率,达94.1%。
CardioTabNet: A Novel Hybrid Transformer Model for Heart Disease Prediction using Tabular Medical Data
- 结合表格Transformer与随机森林,自动筛选关键临床特征。
- 最佳模型准确率达94.1%,AUC达95.0%。
- 适合医疗数据建模与心血管风险评估研究者参考。
早期检测和预测心血管疾病对降低全球范围内严重发病率和死亡率至关重要。尽管自然语言处理中广泛使用的多头自注意力机制能捕捉特征空间中的交互关系,但生物系统内各特征间的关系仍不明确。为此,我们提出CardioTabNet,融合表格Transformer提取临床心血管数据的特征空间,并利用随机森林算法进行特征排序。基于1190个样本、11个特征(7个数值型,4个分类型)的数据集,通过十种机器学习模型进行预测。在提取高质量特征后,最优下游模型(超参数调优的ExtraTree分类器)平均准确率达到94.1%,平均AUC为95.0%。进一步通过列线图分析验证模型在心血管风险评估中的有效性。与当前先进模型对比,验证了该变压器驱动框架的优越性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The early detection and prediction of cardiovascular diseases are crucial for reducing the severe morbidity and mortality associated with these conditions worldwide. A multi-headed self-attention mechanism, widely used in natural language processing (NLP), is operated by Transformers to understand feature interactions in feature spaces. However, the relationships between various features within biological systems remain ambiguous in these spaces, highlighting the necessity of early detection and prediction of cardiovascular diseases to reduce the severe morbidity and mortality with these conditions worldwide. We handle this issue with CardioTabNet, which exploits the strength of tab transformer to extract feature space which carries strong understanding of clinical cardiovascular data and its feature ranking. As a result, performance of downstream classical models significantly showed outstanding result. Our study utilizes the open-source dataset for heart disease prediction with 1190 instances and 11 features. In total, 11 features are divided into numerical (age, resting blood pressure, cholesterol, maximum heart rate, old peak, weight, and fasting blood sugar) and categorical (resting ECG, exercise angina, and ST slope). Tab transformer was used to extract important features and ranked them using random forest (RF) feature ranking algorithm. Ten machine-learning models were used to predict heart disease using selected features. After extracting high-quality features, the top downstream model (a hyper-tuned ExtraTree classifier) achieved an average accuracy rate of 94.1% and an average Area Under Curve (AUC) of 95.0%. Furthermore, a nomogram analysis was conducted to evaluate the model's effectiveness in cardiovascular risk assessment. A benchmarking study was conducted using state-of-the-art models to evaluate our transformer-driven framework.
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