解决3D高斯点云中的浮点伪影问题，提升几何与视觉质量。
StableGS: A Floater-Free Framework for 3D Gaussian Splatting
- 分离几何约束与外观渲染路径，用双透明度架构防止伪局部最优。
- 在多个基准上消除浮点伪影，同时突破模糊与清晰的权衡限制。
- 适合追求高保真三维重建的研究者与工业应用开发者。
3D高斯点云（3DGS）重建常受顽固的'浮点'伪影影响，降低几何与视觉保真度。我们首次揭示其根源：3DGS优化过程中，当浮点的混合颜色达到误差抵消的伪平衡状态时，其透明度梯度消失，导致陷入虚假局部极小值。为此，我们提出StableGS，一种将几何正则化与最终外观渲染解耦的新框架。核心是双透明度架构，包含两条独立渲染路径：一条用于承载强深度约束以保证结构正确性的‘几何正则化路径’，另一条在稳定基础上生成高保真细节的‘外观优化路径’。同时引入协同几何约束：自监督深度一致性损失，以及由高效全局尺度优化算法支持的外部几何先验。多基准实验表明，StableGS不仅彻底消除浮点伪影，还解决常见模糊-清晰权衡问题，在几何精度与视觉质量上均达当前最优水平。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) reconstructions are plagued by stubborn ``floater" artifacts that degrade their geometric and visual fidelity. We are the first to reveal the root cause: a fundamental conflict in the 3DGS optimization process where the opacity gradients of floaters vanish when their blended color reaches a pseudo-equilibrium of canceling errors against the background, trapping them in a spurious local minimum. To resolve this, we propose StableGS, a novel framework that decouples geometric regularization from final appearance rendering. Its core is a Dual Opacity architecture that creates two separate rendering paths: a ``Geometric Regularization Path" to bear strong depth-based constraints for structural correctness, and an ``Appearance Refinement Path" to generate high-fidelity details upon this stable foundation. We complement this with a synergistic set of geometric constraints: a self-supervised depth consistency loss and an external geometric prior enabled by our efficient global scale optimization algorithm. Experiments on multiple benchmarks show StableGS not only eliminates floaters but also resolves the common blur-artifact trade-off, achieving state-of-the-art geometric accuracy and visual quality.
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