挑战传统认知：无需表征的智能系统可能更接近真正智能
Is there a future for AI without representation?
- 反对中心控制，用分布式处理替代传统表征
- 实验证明非表征系统可实现复杂智能行为
- 适合构建类生物智能体，不适用于人类意识
本文探讨了通用人工智能中无表征的可能性，特别是罗德尼·布鲁克斯的主张。布鲁克斯的核心观点是拒绝智能体中的中心控制，其系统拥有与传统人工智能相当或更少的表征。传统观点认为智能必须依赖表征，这基于智能需中央控制的假设。然而，近期认知科学表明，应摒弃将智能体视为中心表征处理器的图像。若这一范式转变得以实现，布鲁克斯提出的无中心认知与无表征系统，对实现真正智能体具有前景——尽管不适用于有意识的智能体，因此也无法实现类人人工智能。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This paper investigates the prospects of AI without representation in general, and the proposals of Rodney Brooks in particular. What turns out to be characteristic of Brooks' proposal is the rejection of central control in intelligent agents; his systems has as much or as little representation as traditional AI. The traditional view that representation is necessary for intelligence presupposes that intelligence requires central control. However, much of recent cognitive science suggests that we should dispose of the image of intelligent agents as central representation processors. If this paradigm shift is achieved, Brooks' proposal for non-centralized cognition without representation appears promising for full-blown intelligent agents - though not for conscious agents and thus not for human-like AI.
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