AI驱动材料发现,加速新功能材料研发。
Machine Learning - Driven Materials Discovery: Unlocking Next-Generation Functional Materials - A review
- 用深度学习、图神经网络等自动化设计新材料结构。
- 结合机器人实验平台,实现从预测到验证的全流程提速。
- 适合材料、能源、电子领域研究者快速了解前沿进展。
机器学习与人工智能技术正推动材料发现、性能预测与设计的变革,减少人为干预,加快科学进程。本文综述了智能机器学习方法在预测材料性能、发现新型化合物及优化结构中的应用,涵盖深度学习、图神经网络、贝叶斯优化和生成模型(GANs、VAEs)。通过AutoML框架(AutoGluon、TPOT、H2O.ai),可自动完成模型选择、超参数调优与特征工程,显著提升材料信息学效率。结合AI驱动的机器人实验室与高通量计算,已建立从设计到合成与实验验证的全自动化流程,大幅降低材料研发的时间与成本。文中展示了在超导体、催化剂、光伏材料和储能系统中成功应用案例,涵盖力学、热学、电学与光学性能预测。同时讨论数据质量、可解释性及与量子计算融合等挑战,强调人工智能与自动化实验、计算建模的协同将重塑材料研发范式,为能源、电子与纳米科技带来创新机遇。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The rapid advancement of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven techniques is revolutionizing materials discovery, property prediction, and material design by minimizing human intervention and accelerating scientific progress. This review provides a comprehensive overview of smart, machine learning (ML)-driven approaches, emphasizing their role in predicting material properties, discovering novel compounds, and optimizing material structures. Key methodologies in this field include deep learning, graph neural networks, Bayesian optimization, and automated generative models (GANs, VAEs). These approaches enable the autonomous design of materials with tailored functionalities. By leveraging AutoML frameworks (AutoGluon, TPOT, and H2O.ai), researchers can automate the model selection, hyperparameter tuning, and feature engineering, significantly improving the efficiency of materials informatics. Furthermore, the integration of AI-driven robotic laboratories and high-throughput computing has established a fully automated pipeline for rapid synthesis and experimental validation, drastically reducing the time and cost of material discovery. This review highlights real-world applications of automated ML-driven approaches in predicting mechanical, thermal, electrical, and optical properties of materials, demonstrating successful cases in superconductors, catalysts, photovoltaics, and energy storage systems. We also address key challenges, such as data quality, interpretability, and the integration of AutoML with quantum computing, which are essential for future advancements. Ultimately, combining AI with automated experimentation and computational modeling is transforming the way materials are discovered and optimized. This synergy paves the way for new innovations in energy, electronics, and nanotechnology.
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