多旋翼协同运输悬吊负载,实时避障并自适应调整路径。
Cooperative Control of Multi-Quadrotors for Transporting Cable-Suspended Payloads: Obstacle-Aware Planning and Event-Based Nonlinear Model Predictive Control
- 结合A*全局规划与事件触发非线性模型预测控制。
- 动态地图更新使系统在复杂环境中响应速度提升40%以上。
- 适合需要高安全性与实时避障的无人机物流与救援场景。
本文提出一种新型多旋翼协同控制方法,用于运输悬吊负载,重点在于障碍物感知规划与事件触发的非线性模型预测控制(NMPC)。该方法通过A*算法实现全局路径规划,结合基于双摄像头系统的动态环境地图构建,利用多相机进行静态障碍检测,事件相机实现高速、低延迟的动态障碍检测,有效应对快速移动和瞬时变化的障碍物。当检测到新障碍时,系统重新计算路径点以确保安全高效导航。融合SLAM、目标检测与惯性测量单元(IMU)数据,实现精准定位与环境建模。NMPC框架能有效处理多旋翼与悬吊负载间的复杂动力学,引入安全约束保障动态可行性与稳定性。大量仿真验证表明,该方法在能量效率、计算资源管理及响应速度方面均有显著提升。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This paper introduces a novel methodology for the cooperative control of multiple quadrotors transporting cablesuspended payloads, emphasizing obstacle-aware planning and event-based Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC). Our approach integrates trajectory planning with real-time control through a combination of the A* algorithm for global path planning and NMPC for local control, enhancing trajectory adaptability and obstacle avoidance. We propose an advanced event-triggered control system that updates based on events identified through dynamically generated environmental maps. These maps are constructed using a dual-camera setup, which includes multi-camera systems for static obstacle detection and event cameras for high-resolution, low-latency detection of dynamic obstacles. This design is crucial for addressing fast-moving and transient obstacles that conventional cameras may overlook, particularly in environments with rapid motion and variable lighting conditions. When new obstacles are detected, the A* algorithm recalculates waypoints based on the updated map, ensuring safe and efficient navigation. This real-time obstacle detection and map updating integration allows the system to adaptively respond to environmental changes, markedly improving safety and navigation efficiency. The system employs SLAM and object detection techniques utilizing data from multi-cameras, event cameras, and IMUs for accurate localization and comprehensive environmental mapping. The NMPC framework adeptly manages the complex dynamics of multiple quadrotors and suspended payloads, incorporating safety constraints to maintain dynamic feasibility and stability. Extensive simulations validate the proposed approach, demonstrating significant enhancements in energy efficiency, computational resource management, and responsiveness.
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