用超声和免疫因子检测狗放疗中肿瘤与淋巴结转移，探索无创监测新方法。
Tumor monitoring and detection of lymph node metastasis using quantitative ultrasound and immune cytokine profiling in dogs undergoing radiation therapy: a pilot study
- 通过定量超声分析肿瘤及淋巴结结构变化，评估治疗反应。
- 发现超声参数K与μ在淋巴结转移中差异趋势显著（p<0.2），TGFβ-1与散射体直径弱相关。
- 适用于兽医癌症研究或跨物种肿瘤监测技术开发人员。
定量超声（QUS）可表征组织细胞成分，区分病变与正常组织，并在体外检测早期淋巴结（LN）转移。本研究旨在收集接受放疗（RT）的狗的初步QUS与细胞因子数据，关联QUS结果与淋巴结转移及肿瘤反应。自发性实体瘤在放疗前及治疗后长达一年内接受QUS评估；同时对区域淋巴结进行体内QUS检查，术后行组织病理学分析以检测转移。采用配对t检验比较患者内部转移与非转移淋巴结的QUS数据，以及放疗前后QUS变化。每个时间点采集血清用于细胞因子谱分析。多数统计检验因样本量不足无法获得显著性p值，但观察到有趣趋势：淋巴结检测中最低p值出现在包络统计量K（p=0.142）与μ（p=0.181），分别对应细胞结构与散射体数量。肿瘤反应方面，基线与放疗后1周的QUS数据比较中，K（p=0.115）与μ（p=0.127）具有最低p值。癌症犬只的单核细胞趋化蛋白1（MCP-1）水平显著高于健康对照（p=1.12e-4）。有效散射体直径（ESD）与转化生长因子β-1（TGFβ-1）呈弱相关。尽管初步QUS数据分析统计能力有限，未能发现组间显著差异，但方法已为后续研究奠定基础。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) characterizes the composition of cells to distinguish diseased from healthy tissue. QUS can reflect the complexity of the tumor and detect early lymph node (LN) metastasis ex vivo. The objective in this study was to gather preliminary QUS and cytokine data from dogs undergoing radiation therapy and correlate QUS data with both LN metastasis and tumor response. Spontaneous solid tumors were evaluated with QUS before and up to one year after receiving RT. Additionally, regional LNs were evaluated with QUS in vivo, then excised and examined with histopathology to detect metastasis. Paired t-tests were used to compare QUS data of metastatic and non-metastatic LNs within patients. Furthermore, paired t-tests compared pre- versus post-RT QUS data. Serum was collected at each time point for cytokine profiles. Most statistical tests were underpowered to produce significant $p$ values, but interesting trends were observed. The lowest $p$ values for LN tests were found with the envelope statistics $K$ ($p = 0.142$) and $μ$ ($p = 0.181$), which correspond to cell structure and number of scatterers. For tumor response, the lowest $p$ values were found with $K$ ($p = 0.115$) and $μ$ ($p = 0.127$) when comparing baseline QUS data with QUS data 1 week after RT. Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) was significantly higher in dogs with cancer when compared to healthy controls ($p = 1.12$e-4). A weak correlation was found between effective scatterer diameter (ESD) and Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF$β$-1). While statistical tests on the preliminary QUS data alone were underpowered to detect significant differences among groups, our methods create a basis for future studies.
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