arXiv:2503.19508cs.CVcs.LG2025-03

小模型也能高效对齐视觉与语言,统一图像描述与问答任务。

Improved Alignment of Modalities in Large Vision Language Models

  • 分四阶段训练,用注意力掩码增强视觉特征处理能力。
  • 仅训练一Epoch即超越130亿参数大模型,在多个数据集上表现优异。
  • 适合想快速适配医疗视觉问答等下游任务的研究者使用。

近期视觉语言模型在理解视觉输入方面取得显著进展,但如何统一图像描述与视觉问答等多样化任务的对齐仍面临挑战。现有方法往往依赖超大规模语言模型或数据集,效率低下。本文提出一种自回归视觉语言模型的训练策略,统一图像描述与视觉问答任务。设计四个训练阶段以对齐视觉与语言模型,使语言模型具备处理视觉输入的能力。引入不同注意力掩码优化基于Transformer的语言模型,提升视觉特征质量。实验发现:1)注意力掩码不应作用于视觉输入;2)语言模型在AI生成数据上收敛更快;3)预训练阶段应加强对齐;4)模型可轻松适配如PathVQA等医疗数据集的下游任务。仅训练一个周期,模型在COCO和Flickr30k数据集上的CIDEr得分超过VILA-13B,接近GIT-2表现,且模型更小、训练数据更少。所有训练采用多GPU并行、16位浮点、SDPA加速及梯度累积,12小时内完成。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Recent advancements in vision-language models have achieved remarkable results in making language models understand vision inputs. However, a unified approach to align these models across diverse tasks such as image captioning and visual question answering remains a challenge. Existing methods either require very big language models or very big datasets which is not efficient in utilizing existing models. This paper addresses this gap and devises a training strategy of auto-regressive vision-language models, to unify vision-language tasks like image-captioning and visual question answering. We propose four training stages for aligning the vision model with the language model, in other words, the language model is given an ability to process visual inputs. We also devise different attention masks for training transformer-based language models that improve the quality of visual features. Further, we introduce some findings, 1) the attention mask should not be applied on visual inputs, 2) the Language model converges faster on AI- generated data, 3) More work should be done in the alignment stage during the pre-training of the model, 4) the model can easily adapt to any downstream tasks like visual question answering on healthcare datasets like PathVQA. After training the model for one epoch for all the stages, it outperforms large models like VILA-13 billion models on common benchmarks like CIDEr scores on COCO and Flickr30k datasets and achieves very close scores to GIT-2 on the same dataset despite being a much smaller model trained on a much smaller dataset. All of the training is done using best practices available like multi- GPU parallel training, lower-precision training with 16-bit float numbers, faster attention (SDPA), and gradient accumulation, and completed the training within 12 hours.

视觉语言模型对齐小模型训练策略

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