人类对类人机器人存在非理性排斥，哪怕它们外表和行为与真人无异。
Anti Robot Speciesism
- 通过六项实验发现，人们因机器人非生物身份而拒绝承认其人性。
- 即使机器人表现如真人，仍被剥夺情感与认知能力，以缓解心理不适。
- 适合关注AI伦理、人机关系的读者，揭示人类偏见背后的动机。
类人机器人作为具身人工智能，外观与行为日益接近人类。尽管生成式AI与机器人技术的进步使它们能自然地与人类对话互动，但仍易被识别为机器。当类人机器人在外观和心智上与人类难以区分时，人类将如何对待它们？我们发现一种称为“反机器人物种主义”的倾向：人们因维护人类物种特权的动机，拒绝赋予此类机器人人类特质。六项实验表明，机器人因其非生物属性而被否定人性，且人们在利用机器人执行不体面任务时，会因认知失调而刻意贬低其能力。因此，人们对完全类人化的机器人并非理性评估，而是根据自身利益否认其能力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Humanoid robots are a form of embodied artificial intelligence (AI) that looks and acts more and more like humans. Powered by generative AI and advances in robotics, humanoid robots can speak and interact with humans rather naturally but are still easily recognizable as robots. But how will we treat humanoids when they seem indistinguishable from humans in appearance and mind? We find a tendency (called "anti-robot" speciesism) to deny such robots humanlike capabilities, driven by motivations to accord members of the human species preferential treatment. Six experiments show that robots are denied humanlike attributes, simply because they are not biological beings and because humans want to avoid feelings of cognitive dissonance when utilizing such robots for unsavory tasks. Thus, people do not rationally attribute capabilities to perfectly humanlike robots but deny them capabilities as it suits them.
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