arXiv:2503.21990cs.CV2025-03

解决近地面农田图像拼接难题,实现厘米级精准定位。

AgRowStitch: A High-fidelity Image Stitching Pipeline for Ground-based Agricultural Images

  • 基于特征匹配与相机运动约束,分批拼接后融合成完整图幅。
  • 在72米长作物行上实现平均20厘米的地理定位误差。
  • 无需额外定位数据,适合无高精度设备的研究者使用。

农业影像常需将多张图像拼接为全景图以供分析。但近地面农田图像因纹理重复、植株非平面及多图拼接累积误差导致配准困难。现有方法依赖地理参考或高空拍摄,缺乏适用于贴近作物拍摄场景的通用方案。为此,我们提出一个开源、易用的拼接流程:采用SuperPoint与LightGlue提取并匹配小批次图像特征;在每批内按相机运动约束串联拼接;对每批结果进行校正与缩放后,再逐批融合并最终整体校正为完整全景图。在两台农业机器人及人工手持拍摄的72米长作物行上测试,所有情况下均生成高质量拼图,可实现20厘米均方绝对误差的实地位置地理参考。该方法为无精确位置数据或复杂成像系统用户提供了可访问的叶级拼接能力。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Agricultural imaging often requires individual images to be stitched together into a final mosaic for analysis. However, agricultural images can be particularly challenging to stitch because feature matching across images is difficult due to repeated textures, plants are non-planar, and mosaics built from many images can accumulate errors that cause drift. Although these issues can be mitigated by using georeferenced images or taking images at high altitude, there is no general solution for images taken close to the crop. To address this, we created a user-friendly and open source pipeline for stitching ground-based images of a linear row of crops that does not rely on additional data. First, we use SuperPoint and LightGlue to extract and match features within small batches of images. Then we stitch the images in each batch in series while imposing constraints on the camera movement. After straightening and rescaling each batch mosaic, all batch mosaics are stitched together in series and then straightened into a final mosaic. We tested the pipeline on images collected along 72 m long rows of crops using two different agricultural robots and a camera manually carried over the row. In all three cases, the pipeline produced high-quality mosaics that could be used to georeference real world positions with a mean absolute error of 20 cm. This approach provides accessible leaf-scale stitching to users who need to coarsely georeference positions within a row, but do not have access to accurate positional data or sophisticated imaging systems.

图像拼接农业影像地理定位机器视觉

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