arXiv:2503.22193cs.CV2025-03

通过聚类与分类统一框架,提升少样本学习在少量标注数据下的准确率。

Unbiased Max-Min Embedding Classification for Transductive Few-Shot Learning: Clustering and Classification Are All You Need

  • 用去中心化协方差缓解嵌入集中问题,使特征分布更均匀。
  • 自适应加权非线性变换平衡类别内聚与类别间分离。
  • 基于变分Sinkhorn的分类器优化原型距离,增强鲁棒性。

卷积神经网络和监督学习在多个领域取得显著成果,但依赖大量标注数据。少样本学习(FSL)通过仅用少量标注样例实现泛化。转导式少样本学习(TFSL)通过利用有标签和无标签数据进一步提升性能,但仍面临“中心性”问题。为此,我们提出无偏最大最小嵌入分类(UMMEC)方法,通过三项创新克服关键挑战:首先引入去中心化协方差矩阵,缓解中心性问题,确保嵌入分布更均匀;其次结合局部对齐与全局均匀性,通过自适应加权与非线性变换,平衡类别内聚与类别间分离;最后采用变分Sinkhorn少样本分类器,优化样本与类别原型间的距离,提升分类准确率与鲁棒性。该方法在极小标注数据下显著提升性能,推动了转导式少样本学习的最新进展。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Convolutional neural networks and supervised learning have achieved remarkable success in various fields but are limited by the need for large annotated datasets. Few-shot learning (FSL) addresses this limitation by enabling models to generalize from only a few labeled examples. Transductive few-shot learning (TFSL) enhances FSL by leveraging both labeled and unlabeled data, though it faces challenges like the hubness problem. To overcome these limitations, we propose the Unbiased Max-Min Embedding Classification (UMMEC) Method, which addresses the key challenges in few-shot learning through three innovative contributions. First, we introduce a decentralized covariance matrix to mitigate the hubness problem, ensuring a more uniform distribution of embeddings. Second, our method combines local alignment and global uniformity through adaptive weighting and nonlinear transformation, balancing intra-class clustering with inter-class separation. Third, we employ a Variational Sinkhorn Few-Shot Classifier to optimize the distances between samples and class prototypes, enhancing classification accuracy and robustness. These combined innovations allow the UMMEC method to achieve superior performance with minimal labeled data. Our UMMEC method significantly improves classification performance with minimal labeled data, advancing the state-of-the-art in TFSL.

少样本学习聚类嵌入优化

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