arXiv:2503.22528cs.LGphysics.app-ph2025-03被引 1

MixFunn用新神经元结构解微分方程,参数少、精度高、结果可解释。

MixFunn: A Neural Network for Differential Equations with Improved Generalization and Interpretability

  • 采用混合函数神经元和二阶神经元,提升模型表达能力。
  • 参数量减少高达10000倍,跨域泛化能力更强,精度更高。
  • 能提取解析表达式,适合需要可解释性的科学建模场景。

我们提出 MixFunn,一种新型神经网络架构,用于求解微分方程,具备更高的精度、可解释性和泛化能力。该架构包含两个核心组件:混合函数神经元,通过整合多个参数化非线性函数增强表示灵活性;二阶神经元,将输入的线性变换与二次项结合,捕捉变量间的交叉组合。这些特性显著提升了网络表达能力,使其在保持相当或更优性能的同时,参数量相比传统方法减少高达四个数量级。我们在物理信息设置下将 MixFunn 应用于经典力学、量子力学和流体动力学中的微分方程求解,验证了其在训练域外区域具有更强泛化性与更高精度。此外,该架构支持提取可解释的解析表达式,为理解底层解提供关键洞见。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We introduce MixFunn, a novel neural network architecture designed to solve differential equations with enhanced precision, interpretability, and generalization capability. The architecture comprises two key components: the mixed-function neuron, which integrates multiple parameterized nonlinear functions to improve representational flexibility, and the second-order neuron, which combines a linear transformation of its inputs with a quadratic term to capture cross-combinations of input variables. These features significantly enhance the expressive power of the network, enabling it to achieve comparable or superior results with drastically fewer parameters and a reduction of up to four orders of magnitude compared to conventional approaches. We applied MixFunn in a physics-informed setting to solve differential equations in classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, and fluid dynamics, demonstrating its effectiveness in achieving higher accuracy and improved generalization to regions outside the training domain relative to standard machine learning models. Furthermore, the architecture facilitates the extraction of interpretable analytical expressions, offering valuable insights into the underlying solutions.

微分方程神经网络可解释性物理信息

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