arXiv:2503.22541cs.ROcs.AI2025-03被引 3

将安全规则融入自动驾驶轨迹预测,提升复杂场景下的可靠性。

SafeCast: Risk-Responsive Motion Forecasting for Autonomous Vehicles

  • 引入RSS安全框架,显式编码避障与安全距离规则。
  • 在4个真实数据集上达领先精度,推理延迟低适合实时部署。
  • 图不确定性模块增强对现实不确定性的适应能力,适合高安全需求系统。

准确的运动预测对自动驾驶系统的安全与可靠性至关重要。现有方法虽取得进展,但常忽视显式安全约束,难以捕捉交通参与者、环境因素与运动动态间的复杂交互。为此,我们提出SafeCast,首个将责任敏感安全(RSS)框架融入运动预测的模型,通过交通规范与物理原理编码可解释的安全规则,如安全距离与碰撞规避。为增强鲁棒性,引入基于图的可学习噪声模块(GUF),注入不确定性以提升跨场景泛化能力。在四个真实世界基准数据集——下一代仿真(NGSIM)、高速无人机(HighD)、ApolloScape及澳门车联网自动驾驶(MoCAD)——上评估,覆盖高速公路、城市及混合自主交通环境。模型在保持轻量架构与低推理延迟的同时达到当前最优性能,展现出在安全关键型自动驾驶系统中实时部署的潜力。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Accurate motion forecasting is essential for the safety and reliability of autonomous driving (AD) systems. While existing methods have made significant progress, they often overlook explicit safety constraints and struggle to capture the complex interactions among traffic agents, environmental factors, and motion dynamics. To address these challenges, we present SafeCast, a risk-responsive motion forecasting model that integrates safety-aware decision-making with uncertainty-aware adaptability. SafeCast is the first to incorporate the Responsibility-Sensitive Safety (RSS) framework into motion forecasting, encoding interpretable safety rules--such as safe distances and collision avoidance--based on traffic norms and physical principles. To further enhance robustness, we introduce the Graph Uncertainty Feature (GUF), a graph-based module that injects learnable noise into Graph Attention Networks, capturing real-world uncertainties and enhancing generalization across diverse scenarios. We evaluate SafeCast on four real-world benchmark datasets--Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM), Highway Drone (HighD), ApolloScape, and the Macao Connected Autonomous Driving (MoCAD)--covering highway, urban, and mixed-autonomy traffic environments. Our model achieves state-of-the-art (SOTA) accuracy while maintaining a lightweight architecture and low inference latency, underscoring its potential for real-time deployment in safety-critical AD systems.

自动驾驶轨迹预测安全约束图神经网络

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