arXiv:2503.22726cs.GTcs.CL2025-03被引 4

用大模型模拟拍卖中信息披露策略,揭示信息透明与收益的权衡机制。

InfoBid: A Simulation Framework for Studying Information Disclosure in Auctions with Large Language Model-based Agents

  • 基于GPT-4o构建多智能体拍卖仿真框架,模拟不同信息暴露程度下的竞标行为。
  • 发现信息披露影响竞标策略与最终结果,符合经济与社会学习理论。
  • 为研究数字经济中人类决策提供可扩展的智能代理工具,适合市场设计研究者。

在在线广告系统中,出版商面临信息披露策略的权衡:披露更多信息虽能提升广告位分配效率,但可能因降低竞标者不确定性而损失收入潜力。类似市场设计挑战受限于真实数据获取困难,研究者常依赖仿真框架。大语言模型(LLMs)提供了类人推理与适应能力,无需预设代理行为假设,具有仿真潜力。然而,现有框架尚未整合基于LLM的智能体来研究信息不对称与信号传递策略,尤其是在拍卖场景中。为此,本文提出InfoBid——一个灵活的仿真框架,利用LLM智能体研究多智能体拍卖中的信息披露策略。通过GPT-4o实现对多种信息结构的第二价格拍卖仿真,结果揭示信号传递如何影响策略行为与拍卖结果,与经济及社会学习理论一致。InfoBid旨在推动将LLM作为人类经济与社会代理的实验工具,深化对其实力与局限的理解。本工作弥合了理论市场设计与实际应用之间的鸿沟,推进市场仿真、信息设计与基于智能体推理的研究,并为探索数字经济动态提供有力工具。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

In online advertising systems, publishers often face a trade-off in information disclosure strategies: while disclosing more information can enhance efficiency by enabling optimal allocation of ad impressions, it may lose revenue potential by decreasing uncertainty among competing advertisers. Similar to other challenges in market design, understanding this trade-off is constrained by limited access to real-world data, leading researchers and practitioners to turn to simulation frameworks. The recent emergence of large language models (LLMs) offers a novel approach to simulations, providing human-like reasoning and adaptability without necessarily relying on explicit assumptions about agent behavior modeling. Despite their potential, existing frameworks have yet to integrate LLM-based agents for studying information asymmetry and signaling strategies, particularly in the context of auctions. To address this gap, we introduce InfoBid, a flexible simulation framework that leverages LLM agents to examine the effects of information disclosure strategies in multi-agent auction settings. Using GPT-4o, we implemented simulations of second-price auctions with diverse information schemas. The results reveal key insights into how signaling influences strategic behavior and auction outcomes, which align with both economic and social learning theories. Through InfoBid, we hope to foster the use of LLMs as proxies for human economic and social agents in empirical studies, enhancing our understanding of their capabilities and limitations. This work bridges the gap between theoretical market designs and practical applications, advancing research in market simulations, information design, and agent-based reasoning while offering a valuable tool for exploring the dynamics of digital economies.

拍卖仿真大模型代理信息设计市场机制

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