让低频激光雷达在树莓派上跑出20赫兹高帧率,还省内存。
SR-LIO++: LiDAR-Inertial Odometry and Quantized Mapping with Caching-Aware Sweep Reconstruction
- 用重建扫描提升频率,缓存中间结果避免重复计算。
- 在树莓派上实现20赫兹输出,精度领先现有系统。
- 8位压缩点云+16/32位计算,大幅降低内存和算力消耗。
针对3D激光雷达固有的低采样频率问题,提升激光惯性里程计(LIO)系统的输出频率成为关键研究方向。为保障实时性,高频增强型LIO系统需在极短时间内处理每轮扫描,这对资源受限平台构成挑战。为此,本文提出SR-LIO++,可在资源受限设备(如Raspberry Pi 4B)上实现输出频率翻倍于输入频率。系统采用先前的扫描重建方法生成高频重构扫描,并引入中间结果(表面参数)缓存机制,有效减少相邻重构扫描中公共段的重复处理,打破处理时间与重建频率的线性依赖关系。此外,提出基于索引表映射的量化地图点管理策略,将全局3D点存储从64位双精度转为8位字符表示,显著降低内存占用;同时将最近邻搜索中的欧氏距离计算从64位双精度转为16位短整型和32位整型,降低计算开销。在三个不同计算平台及四个公开数据集上的大量实验表明,SR-LIO++在保持先进精度的同时大幅提升效率,尤其在Raspberry Pi 4B上成功实现20赫兹状态输出。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Addressing the inherent low acquisition frequency limitation of 3D LiDAR to achieve high-frequency output has become a critical research focus in the LiDAR-Inertial Odometry (LIO) domain. To ensure real-time performance, frequency-enhanced LIO systems must process each sweep within significantly reduced timeframe, which presents substantial challenges for deployment on resource-constrained platforms. To address these limitations, we introduce SR-LIO++, an innovative LIO system capable of achieving doubled output frequency relative to input frequency on resource-constrained hardware platforms, including the Raspberry Pi 4B. Our system employs the previously proposed sweep reconstruction methodology to enhance LiDAR sweep frequency, generating high-frequency reconstructed sweeps. Building upon this foundation, we propose a caching mechanism for intermediate results (i.e., surface parameters) of the most recent segments, effectively minimizing redundant processing of common segments in adjacent reconstructed sweeps. This method decouples processing time from the traditionally linear dependence on reconstructed sweep frequency. Furthermore, we present a quantized map point management based on index table mapping, significantly reducing memory usage by converting global 3D point storage from 64-bit double precision to 8-bit char representation. This method also converts the computationally intensive Euclidean distance calculations in nearest neighbor searches from 64-bit double precision to 16-bit short and 32-bit integer formats, reducing computational cost. Extensive experimental evaluations across three distinct computing platforms and four public datasets demonstrate that SR-LIO++ maintains state-of-the-art accuracy while substantially enhancing efficiency. Notably, our system successfully achieves 20 Hz state output on Raspberry Pi 4B hardware.
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