arXiv:2503.23147cs.LGcs.AI2025-03被引 1

在传感器受限下,用代理模型生成轨迹训练神经网络,实现安全设施虚拟人的逼真行为模拟。

Agent-Based Modeling and Deep Neural Networks for Establishing Digital Twins of Secure Facilities under Sensing Restrictions

  • 用代理模型结合人员行为线索生成合成移动轨迹。
  • 多层感知机与混合密度网络分别实现位置和停留时间的高精度预测。
  • 虚拟人行为在正常与应急状态下有显著差异,适合用于安全演练评估。

数字孪生技术可帮助从业者在虚拟环境中模拟、监控和预测潜在风险,避免真实演练的成本与危险。在核设施等高安全区域,虚拟现实(VR)数字孪生系统特别适用于监测人员活动模式(POL),而真实演练因高风险无法实施。本文研究中,在橡树岭国家实验室(ORNL)部署的MetaPOL系统面临传感器部署受限的问题。为此,采用基于代理的模型(ABM),依据人员行为的轶事证据生成合成移动轨迹,并以此训练深度神经网络代理,用于预测下个位置和停留时长,驱动虚拟环境中的非玩家角色(NPC)。实验表明,多层感知机在位置预测上表现良好,混合密度网络在停留时间预测上有效拟合了ABM生成的轨迹。此外,由神经网络驱动的NPC在正常运行下的行为模式,与模拟应急响应时的行为存在显著差异,验证了该方法在区分不同情境下的有效性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Digital twin technologies help practitioners simulate, monitor, and predict undesirable outcomes in-silico, while avoiding the cost and risks of conducting live simulation exercises. Virtual reality (VR) based digital twin technologies are especially useful when monitoring human Patterns of Life (POL) in secure nuclear facilities, where live simulation exercises are too dangerous and costly to ever perform. However, the high-security status of such facilities may restrict modelers from deploying human activity sensors for data collection. This problem was encountered when deploying MetaPOL, a digital twin system to prevent insider threat or sabotage of secure facilities, at a secure nuclear reactor facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). This challenge was addressed using an agent-based model (ABM), driven by anecdotal evidence of facility personnel POL, to generate synthetic movement trajectories. These synthetic trajectories were then used to train deep neural network surrogates for next location and stay duration prediction to drive NPCs in the VR environment. In this study, we evaluate the efficacy of this technique for establishing NPC movement within MetaPOL and the ability to distinguish NPC movement during normal operations from that during a simulated emergency response. Our results demonstrate the success of using a multi-layer perceptron for next location prediction and mixture density network for stay duration prediction to predict the ABM generated trajectories. We also find that NPC movement in the VR environment driven by the deep neural networks under normal operations remain significantly different to that seen when simulating responses to a simulated emergency scenario.

数字孪生代理建模虚拟人安全仿真

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