arXiv:2503.23697cs.LGmath.DS2025-03被引 1

用结构化神经网络降低动力系统建模的复杂度,提升计算效率。

A Low-complexity Structured Neural Network to Realize States of Dynamical Systems

  • 基于Hankel算子构建低复杂度结构化神经网络
  • 参数量和计算量显著低于传统方法与SINDy/HAVOK
  • 适用于非线性、混沌系统,适合快速预测与分析

数据驱动学习正推动状态空间动力系统建模的新范式。然而,由非线性常微分方程(ODE)导出的动力系统在计算效率上存在局限。本文提出一种基于时间延迟测量的结构化神经网络(StNN),旨在识别最优低复杂度算子——即Hankel算子,用于求解动力系统。该方法替代传统数据驱动技术,通过数值仿真验证:从基础的Lotka-Volterra模型出发,对比LEADS方法;进一步扩展至高度非线性混沌的Lorenz系统,与常规神经网络、SINDy及HAVOK(又称延迟动态模态分解或Hankel-DMD)进行比较。结果表明,所提StNN在参数数量和计算复杂度上均显著降低,为实现低复杂度学习算法下的状态空间动力系统建模提供新路径,支持未来状态的预测与理解。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Data-driven learning is rapidly evolving and places a new perspective on realizing state-space dynamical systems. However, dynamical systems derived from nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) suffer from limitations in computational efficiency. Thus, this paper stems from data-driven learning to advance states of dynamical systems utilizing a structured neural network (StNN). The proposed learning technique also seeks to identify an optimal, low-complexity operator to solve dynamical systems, the so-called Hankel operator, derived from time-delay measurements. Thus, we utilize the StNN based on the Hankel operator to solve dynamical systems as an alternative to existing data-driven techniques. We show that the proposed StNN reduces the number of parameters and computational complexity compared with the conventional neural networks and also with the classical data-driven techniques, such as Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamics (SINDy) and Hankel Alternative view of Koopman (HAVOK), which is commonly known as delay-Dynamic Mode Decomposition(DMD) or Hankel-DMD. More specifically, we present numerical simulations to solve dynamical systems utilizing the StNN based on the Hankel operator beginning from the fundamental Lotka-Volterra model, where we compare the StNN with the LEarning Across Dynamical Systems (LEADS), and extend our analysis to highly nonlinear and chaotic Lorenz systems, comparing the StNN with conventional neural networks, SINDy, and HAVOK. Hence, we show that the proposed StNN paves the way for realizing state-space dynamical systems with a low-complexity learning algorithm, enabling prediction and understanding of future states.

动力系统神经网络低复杂度数据驱动

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