arXiv:2503.23912eess.SYcs.LG2025-03被引 3

为深度学习求解可达集提供可证明的误差上限,确保结果可靠。

Certified Approximate Reachability (CARe): Formal Error Bounds on Deep Learning of Reachable Sets

  • 基于HJ-PDE构建带误差约束的损失函数,连接训练与精度
  • 用SMT求解器在全域内验证误差上界,确保结果可信
  • 通过反例迭代优化网络,适合安全关键系统验证场景

近年来,利用深度学习计算连续时间动力系统可达集的方法因其克服维度灾难的优势而广受欢迎,但与水平集方法类似,训练过程无法保证所学可达集的精度。为解决此问题,本文提出一种epsilon-近似哈密顿-雅可比偏微分方程(HJ-PDE),建立训练损失与真实可达集精度之间的关系。通过满足模理论(SMT)求解器,在兴趣域内对基于HJ的损失函数残差误差进行形式化边界约束。结合反例引导归纳合成(CEGIS),将学习与验证闭环结合,利用SMT求解器发现的反例对神经网络进行精调,从而提升所学可达集的精度。据我们所知,认证近似可达性(CARe)是首个为连续动力系统学习可达集提供可靠性保证的方法。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Recent approaches to leveraging deep learning for computing reachable sets of continuous-time dynamical systems have gained popularity over traditional level-set methods, as they overcome the curse of dimensionality. However, as with level-set methods, considerable care needs to be taken in limiting approximation errors, particularly since no guarantees are provided during training on the accuracy of the learned reachable set. To address this limitation, we introduce an epsilon-approximate Hamilton-Jacobi Partial Differential Equation (HJ-PDE), which establishes a relationship between training loss and accuracy of the true reachable set. To formally certify this approximation, we leverage Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solvers to bound the residual error of the HJ-based loss function across the domain of interest. Leveraging Counter Example Guided Inductive Synthesis (CEGIS), we close the loop around learning and verification, by fine-tuning the neural network on counterexamples found by the SMT solver, thus improving the accuracy of the learned reachable set. To the best of our knowledge, Certified Approximate Reachability (CARe) is the first approach to provide soundness guarantees on learned reachable sets of continuous dynamical systems.

可达集形式化验证深度学习安全保证

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