arXiv:2503.24203cs.NIcs.LG2025-03中稿 · publication at IEE…被引 1

用可泛化的图神经网络,高效解决大规模网络流量调度问题。

Traffic Engineering in Large-scale Networks with Generalizable Graph Neural Networks

  • 将流量调度问题转化为学习最优算法,而非直接预测解
  • 在5000节点、360万链路的网络中,优化差距小于3%,且完全可行
  • 比传统方法快84%,训练时间减少79.6%,适合真实复杂网络

大型网络(如云广域网和低轨卫星星座)中的流量工程(TE)面临巨大挑战。尽管基于学习的方法试图提升传统算法的可扩展性,但其实际应用常受限于泛化能力差、训练开销高及无法满足链路容量约束。本文提出TELGEN,一种新型TE算法,能在大规模网络中高效学习并求解,同时在多种网络条件下具备卓越泛化能力。其核心思想是将‘预测最优TE解’转化为‘预测最优TE算法’,使模型能够学习并高效逼近经典最优算法的端到端求解过程。该算法不依赖具体网络拓扑或流量模式,可快速处理任意输入,并良好泛化至未见拓扑与需求。我们在随机与真实拓扑上训练和评估,最大测试网络达5000节点、3.6×10⁶条链路。结果显示,所有测试场景下优化差距低于3%,可行性得到保障;即使测试网络节点数为最大训练网络的2-20倍,仍表现稳定。相比传统内点法,求解时间最多节省84%;相较当前最先进学习方法,每轮训练时间减少79.6%。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Traffic Engineering (TE) in large-scale networks like cloud Wide Area Networks (WANs) and Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations is a critical challenge. Although learning-based approaches have been proposed to address the scalability of traditional TE algorithms, their practical application is often hindered by a lack of generalization, high training overhead, and a failure to respect link capacities. This paper proposes TELGEN, a novel TE algorithm that learns to solve TE problems efficiently in large-scale network scenarios, while achieving superior generalizability across diverse network conditions. TELGEN is based on the novel idea of transforming the problem of "predicting the optimal TE solution" into "predicting the optimal TE algorithm", which enables TELGEN to learn and efficiently approximate the end-to-end solving process of classical optimal TE algorithms. The learned algorithm is agnostic to the exact underlying network topology or traffic patterns, and is able to very efficiently solve TE problems given arbitrary inputs and generalize well to unseen topologies and demands. We train and evaluate TELGEN with random and real-world topologies, with networks of up to 5000 nodes and 3.6x10^6 links in testing. TELGEN shows less than 3% optimality gap while ensuring feasibility in all testing scenarios, even when the test network has 2-20x more nodes than the largest training network. It also saves up to 84% TE solving time than traditional interior-point method, and reduces up to 79.6% training time per epoch than the state-of-the-art learning-based algorithm.

流量工程图神经网络大规模网络可泛化

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