arXiv:2504.00447cs.ROcs.SY2025-04被引 4

用安全敏感的预测机制,让机器人在拥挤环境中更安全高效地导航

Egocentric Conformal Prediction for Safe and Efficient Navigation in Dynamic Cluttered Environments

  • 基于车辆自身视角设计安全评分函数,精准识别危险逼近
  • 动态调整预测容差,避免因过度保守导致无法移动
  • 在真实人群密集场景中验证,兼顾安全与通行效率

共形预测(CP)在机器人控制中表现出强大潜力,能为复杂数据驱动模型提供形式化保障。然而,现有方法常将预测与控制分离,在评估模型时未考虑预测误差是否真正影响安全,导致自主车辆可能因所有轨迹均被视为不可行而过度保守甚至停摆。为此,本文提出一种新型基于共形预测的导航框架,仅对关键安全误差做出响应。通过引入以车辆自身为中心的评分函数,量化障碍物实际距离与预期距离的差距,并将其嵌入模型预测控制中,对每个候选状态独立评估安全性。结合自适应共形预测机制,该框架可动态适应障碍物运动变化,避免不必要的保守行为。理论分析表明,本方法在保持所需安全水平的前提下,显著提升成本效益;实验证明其在高密度行人环境的真实数据集上表现优越。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Conformal prediction (CP) has emerged as a powerful tool in robotics and control, thanks to its ability to calibrate complex, data-driven models with formal guarantees. However, in robot navigation tasks, existing CP-based methods often decouple prediction from control, evaluating models without considering whether prediction errors actually compromise safety. Consequently, ego-vehicles may become overly conservative or even immobilized when all potential trajectories appear infeasible. To address this issue, we propose a novel CP-based navigation framework that responds exclusively to safety-critical prediction errors. Our approach introduces egocentric score functions that quantify how much closer obstacles are to a candidate vehicle position than anticipated. These score functions are then integrated into a model predictive control scheme, wherein each candidate state is individually evaluated for safety. Combined with an adaptive CP mechanism, our framework dynamically adjusts to changes in obstacle motion without resorting to unnecessary conservatism. Theoretical analyses indicate that our method outperforms existing CP-based approaches in terms of cost-efficiency while maintaining the desired safety levels, as further validated through experiments on real-world datasets featuring densely populated pedestrian environments.

机器人导航共形预测安全控制

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