arXiv:2504.00587cs.MAcs.CL2025-04NeurIPS被引 81

让大模型代理自主协作,无需中心控制,还能动态调整分工。

AgentNet: Decentralized Evolutionary Coordination for LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems

  • 用去中心化架构和动态图结构让代理自行决定如何协作。
  • 在复杂任务中准确率超越单代理和集中式多代理系统。
  • 适合需要跨组织协作且保护隐私的智能系统设计者。

大语言模型的快速发展推动了多代理系统的兴起,但现有系统多依赖中心化协调,存在可扩展性差、适应性弱和单点故障等问题。隐私与专有知识顾虑也阻碍了跨组织协作,导致知识孤岛。我们提出AgentNet,一种基于检索增强生成(RAG)的去中心化框架,使基于LLM的代理能在动态构建的有向无环图(DAG)中自主专业化、进化与协作。与静态角色或集中控制的方法不同,AgentNet允许代理根据本地专长和上下文动态调整连接关系与任务路由。其三大创新包括:(1) 完全去中心化的协调机制,消除中央调度器,提升鲁棒性与涌现智能;(2) 实时适应任务需求的动态代理图拓扑,保障可扩展性与韧性;(3) 基于检索的记忆系统,支持持续技能优化与专业分化。通过减少中心化控制与数据交换,AgentNet实现故障容错、隐私保护的跨组织协作。实验表明,AgentNet在任务准确率上优于单代理及集中式多代理基线。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has enabled the development of multi-agent systems where multiple LLM-based agents collaborate on complex tasks. However, existing systems often rely on centralized coordination, leading to scalability bottlenecks, reduced adaptability, and single points of failure. Privacy and proprietary knowledge concerns further hinder cross-organizational collaboration, resulting in siloed expertise. We propose AgentNet, a decentralized, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)-based framework that enables LLM-based agents to specialize, evolve, and collaborate autonomously in a dynamically structured Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG). Unlike prior approaches with static roles or centralized control, AgentNet allows agents to adjust connectivity and route tasks based on local expertise and context. AgentNet introduces three key innovations: (1) a fully decentralized coordination mechanism that eliminates the need for a central orchestrator, enhancing robustness and emergent intelligence; (2) dynamic agent graph topology that adapts in real time to task demands, ensuring scalability and resilience; and (3) a retrieval-based memory system for agents that supports continual skill refinement and specialization. By minimizing centralized control and data exchange, AgentNet enables fault-tolerant, privacy-preserving collaboration across organizations. Experiments show that AgentNet achieves higher task accuracy than both single-agent and centralized multi-agent baselines.

多智能体去中心化LLM协作动态图

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