arXiv:2504.00634quant-phcs.AI2025-04被引 10

用SAT方法精确优化量子电路的CNOT门数量与深度,提升编译质量。

CNOT-Optimal Clifford Synthesis as SAT

  • 将Clifford正则形式嵌入SAT编码,保证CNOT门数最优
  • 支持并行计划,使CNOT深度降低最多48.1%
  • 兼容硬件连接限制与量子比特重命名,适合实际设备部署

Clifford电路优化是量子编译流程中的关键步骤。现有编译器多采用启发式方法,虽速度快但结果常不最优。减少噪声门(如双量子比特CNOT门)对实际计算至关重要。已有精确方法基于SAT求解,但存在可扩展性差、无法保证CNOT数量或深度最优的问题。近期工作仅在特定正则形式下进行穷举搜索,可保证CNOT数量最优,但仅限于6量子比特以下。本文将正则形式搜索引入SAT编码,确保CNOT数量最优;通过允许并行调度,提出第二类SAT编码以优化CNOT深度。利用SAT方法灵活性,还支持硬件连接约束和量子比特重命名。我们在开源工具Q-Synth中实现上述编码及变体。实验表明,相比现有SAT方法,本方案在随机Clifford电路上显著更优。在全连接和实际量子平台(如IBM、Rigetti)上对比TKET和Qiskit编译器,平均减少32.1%的CNOT数量和48.1%的CNOT深度,优于两者。在受限连接情况下,相比Qiskit,CNOT数量和深度分别再降低最多30.3%和35.9%。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Clifford circuit optimization is an important step in the quantum compilation pipeline. Major compilers employ heuristic approaches. While they are fast, their results are often suboptimal. Minimization of noisy gates, like 2-qubit CNOT gates, is crucial for practical computing. Exact approaches have been proposed to fill the gap left by heuristic approaches. Among these are SAT based approaches that optimize gate count or depth, but they suffer from scalability issues. Further, they do not guarantee optimality on more important metrics like CNOT count or CNOT depth. A recent work proposed an exhaustive search only on Clifford circuits in a certain normal form to guarantee CNOT count optimality. But an exhaustive approach cannot scale beyond 6 qubits. In this paper, we incorporate search restricted to Clifford normal forms in a SAT encoding to guarantee CNOT count optimality. By allowing parallel plans, we propose a second SAT encoding that optimizes CNOT depth. By taking advantage of flexibility in SAT based approaches, we also handle connectivity restrictions in hardware platforms, and allow for qubit relabeling. We have implemented the above encodings and variations in our open source tool Q-Synth. In experiments, our encodings significantly outperform existing SAT approaches on random Clifford circuits. We consider practical VQE and Feynman benchmarks to compare with TKET and Qiskit compilers. In all-to-all connectivity, we observe reductions up to 32.1% in CNOT count and 48.1% in CNOT depth. Overall, we observe better results than TKET in the CNOT count and depth. We also experiment with connectivity restrictions of major quantum platforms. Compared to Qiskit, we observe up to 30.3% CNOT count and 35.9% CNOT depth further reduction.

量子编译CNOT优化SAT求解Clifford电路

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。