arXiv:2504.00816cs.CVphysics.med-ph2025-04

用两阶段深度学习恢复缺失超50%数据的PET图像,无需时间飞行信息。

Two-stage deep learning framework for the restoration of incomplete-ring PET images

  • 先用注意力U-Net补全正弦图缺失区域,再用扩散模型精细修复图像
  • 在613个脑部样本上实现38.18~38.59 dB的PSNR和0.9904~0.9925的SSIM
  • 适用于硬件故障或成本受限场景下的高保真PET重建,适合临床医学研究

正电子发射断层扫描(PET)是医学中重要的分子成像工具。传统PET系统依赖完整探测器环以实现全角度覆盖和可靠数据采集,但因硬件故障、成本限制或特定临床需求,不完整环形PET扫描仪逐渐出现。标准重建算法在这些系统上性能下降,因数据不完整和几何不一致。本文提出一种两阶段深度学习框架,在不使用任何时间飞行(TOF)信息的前提下,从约50%缺失符合事件的数据中恢复高质量图像——比以往基于CNN的方法处理的丢失水平高出一倍。该流程分两步:首先,投影域注意力U-Net利用邻近切片的空间上下文预测正弦图缺失部分;随后,将补全后的数据通过OSEM算法重建,并输入级联的U-Net与热启动扩散模型进行图像优化。该模块从U-Net粗略预测而非纯高斯噪声开始反向扩散过程。基于613个真实扫描模拟的脑体积(196例健康、217例阿尔茨海默病、200例轻度认知障碍),结果表明模型成功保留了大部分解剖结构和示踪剂分布特征,PSNR达38.18至38.59 dB,SSIM为0.9904至0.9925。该两阶段深度学习框架能有效恢复超过50%缺失数据的PET图像,实现近乎完整的解剖保真度,且无需依赖TOF信息。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is an important molecular imaging tool widely used in medicine. Traditional PET systems rely on complete detector rings for full angular coverage and reliable data collection. However, incomplete-ring PET scanners have emerged due to hardware failures, cost constraints, or specific clinical needs. Standard reconstruction algorithms often suffer from performance degradation with these systems because of reduced data completeness and geometric inconsistencies. We present a two-stage deep-learning framework that, without incorporating any time-of-flight (TOF) information, restores high-quality images from data with about 50% missing coincidences - double the loss levels previously addressed by CNN-based methods. The pipeline operates in two stages: a projection-domain Attention U-Net first predicts the missing sections of the sinogram by leveraging spatial context from neighbouring slices, after which the completed data are reconstructed with OSEM algorithm and passed to a cascaded U-Net & warm-start diffusion model for image refinement. This module starts the reverse diffusion process from the U-Net coarse prediction rather than pure Gaussian noise. Using 613 simulated brain volumes from real scans (196 healthy brain samples, 217 Alzheimer's disease samples, and 200 Mild Cognitive Impairment samples), the result shows that our model successfully preserves most anatomical structures and tracer distribution features with PSNR of 38.18 to 38.59 dB and SSIM of 0.9904 to 0.9925. Our two-stage deep-learning framework effectively restores high-quality PET images from over 50% incomplete-ring data, achieving near-complete anatomical fidelity and robust performance without requiring TOF information.

PET重建深度学习图像修复医学成像

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。