arXiv:2504.01001cs.CLcs.AI2025-04被引 15

用大模型自动生成测试数据和评估,实现零样本自动评测

Zero-shot Benchmarking: A Framework for Flexible and Scalable Automatic Evaluation of Language Models

  • 用提示词驱动大模型生成合成测试数据和评分
  • 在5个文本任务和1个多模态任务上表现优于传统基准
  • 适合快速构建跨语言、跨领域的评测体系

随着语言模型能力提升,自动化评估变得愈发困难。定制化评估指标越来越难,人工标注数据集成本高且难以扩展。本文提出零样本基准(Zero-shot Benchmarking, ZSB),利用语言模型自动生成测试数据并进行评估。该框架仅需设计生成和评价两个提示词,即可灵活扩展至多语言、多任务场景,且不依赖特定模型。我们在英文、中文、法文和韩文的通用能力、翻译及视觉-语言理解任务上构建了基准,并对多种开放与闭源模型进行排名。结果显示,ZSB排名与人类判断高度一致,显著优于现有标准基准。消融实验表明,使用开源模型即可构建高质量基准,判别模型规模和数据多样性是性能关键因素。所有基准和代码已开源。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

As language models improve and become capable of performing more complex tasks across modalities, evaluating them automatically becomes increasingly challenging. Developing strong and robust task-specific automatic metrics gets harder, and human-annotated test sets -- which are expensive to create -- saturate more quickly. A compelling alternative is to design reliable strategies to automate the creation of test data and evaluation, but previous attempts either rely on pre-existing data, or focus solely on individual tasks. We present Zero-shot Benchmarking (ZSB), a framework for creating high-quality benchmarks for any task by leveraging language models for both synthetic test data creation and evaluation. ZSB is simple and flexible: it requires only the creation of a prompt for data generation and one for evaluation; it is scalable to tasks and languages where collecting real-world data is costly or impractical; it is model-agnostic, allowing the creation of increasingly challenging benchmarks as models improve. To assess the effectiveness of our framework, we create benchmarks for five text-only tasks and a multi-modal one: general capabilities in four languages (English, Chinese, French, and Korean), translation, and general vision-language capabilities in English. We then rank a broad range of open and closed systems on our benchmarks. ZSB rankings consistently correlate strongly with human rankings, outperforming widely-adopted standard benchmarks. Through ablations, we find that strong benchmarks can be created with open models, and that judge model size and dataset variety are crucial drivers of performance. We release all our benchmarks, and code to reproduce our experiments and to produce new benchmarks.

自动评测零样本大模型多语言

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