提出新指标DIP,更准确评估文档模型部署时的人工干预需求。
Improving Applicability of Deep Learning based Token Classification models during Training
- 引入文档完整性精确率(DIP),衡量测试集需人工干预的文档比例。
- 传统F1分数对模型缺陷不敏感,而DIP能揭示部署时需大量人工介入。
- 适合关注业务自动化效果的研究者与开发者使用。
本文指出,仅依赖传统分类指标难以判断深度学习模型在实际推理中的适用性。以基于LayoutLM的德国收据文档标记分类模型为例,实验表明常规的F1分数无法有效评估模型在真实场景下的可用性。为此,我们提出全新指标文档完整性精确率(DIP),用于视觉文档理解与标记分类任务。DIP严格量化测试集中需人工干预的文档比例,帮助研究人员和开发者深入分析企业软件的自动化水平。通过多组训练设置实验验证,结果显示:尽管传统指标在模型出现孤立缺陷时几乎不变,但DIP明确反映出模型在部署中需大量人工介入;实体数量越多,传统指标越不敏感,自动化质量越差。相比之下,DIP始终为单一可解释值,适用于整个实体集合。这凸显了面向业务任务设计评估指标的重要性。由于DIP专为标记分类设计,未来需探索其他训练任务的适配指标。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This paper shows that further evaluation metrics during model training are needed to decide about its applicability in inference. As an example, a LayoutLM-based model is trained for token classification in documents. The documents are German receipts. We show that conventional classification metrics, represented by the F1-Score in our experiments, are insufficient for evaluating the applicability of machine learning models in practice. To address this problem, we introduce a novel metric, Document Integrity Precision (DIP), as a solution for visual document understanding and the token classification task. To the best of our knowledge, nothing comparable has been introduced in this context. DIP is a rigorous metric, describing how many documents of the test dataset require manual interventions. It enables AI researchers and software developers to conduct an in-depth investigation of the level of process automation in business software. In order to validate DIP, we conduct experiments with our created models to highlight and analyze the impact and relevance of DIP to evaluate if the model should be deployed or not in different training settings. Our results demonstrate that existing metrics barely change for isolated model impairments, whereas DIP indicates that the model requires substantial human interventions in deployment. The larger the set of entities being predicted, the less sensitive conventional metrics are, entailing poor automation quality. DIP, in contrast, remains a single value to be interpreted for entire entity sets. This highlights the importance of having metrics that focus on the business task for model training in production. Since DIP is created for the token classification task, more research is needed to find suitable metrics for other training tasks.
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