为大模型生成内容建立可追溯的权属框架,解决版权归属难题。
Who Owns the Output? Bridging Law and Technology in LLMs Attribution
- 整合法律、技术与伦理,构建内容溯源的综合框架
- 提出三类应用场景,实现生成内容的可追溯性
- 强调需发展新指纹技术以突破现有溯源瓶颈
自2022年ChatGPT问世以来,大型语言模型(LLMs)和大型多模态模型(LMMs)已深刻改变内容创作方式,能够生成文本、图像、视频、音频等多种高质量内容,极大提升效率与质量。然而,由于生成内容缺乏系统性指纹标记,且训练数据量庞大、难以追溯,导致内容归属困难,引发知识产权与伦理责任争议。本文从技术和法律双重视角出发,综述现有法律与技术工具,提出一个保障责任追溯的法律框架,并设计三个实际应用案例,验证其可行性。尽管当前技术可在一定程度上实现溯源,但仍存在显著局限,唯有发展新型溯源技术,才能真正实现对大模型生成内容的有效权属认定。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Since the introduction of ChatGPT in 2022, Large language models (LLMs) and Large Multimodal Models (LMM) have transformed content creation, enabling the generation of human-quality content, spanning every medium, text, images, videos, and audio. The chances offered by generative AI models are endless and are drastically reducing the time required to generate content and usually raising the quality of the generation. However, considering the complexity and the difficult traceability of the generated content, the use of these tools provides challenges in attributing AI-generated content. The difficult attribution resides for a variety of reasons, starting from the lack of a systematic fingerprinting of the generated content and ending with the enormous amount of data on which LLMs and LMM are trained, which makes it difficult to connect generated content to the training data. This scenario is raising concerns about intellectual property and ethical responsibilities. To address these concerns, in this paper, we bridge the technological, ethical, and legislative aspects, by proposing a review of the legislative and technological instruments today available and proposing a legal framework to ensure accountability. In the end, we propose three use cases of how these can be combined to guarantee that attribution is respected. However, even though the techniques available today can guarantee a greater attribution to a greater extent, strong limitations still apply, that can be solved uniquely by the development of new attribution techniques, to be applied to LLMs and LMMs.
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