arXiv:2504.01092astro-ph.COastro-ph.IM2025-04被引 4

用深度学习补全星系分布的细节,让早期宇宙密度重建更准。

Initial Conditions from Galaxies: Machine-Learning Subgrid Correction to Standard Reconstruction

  • 先用传统方法恢复大尺度结构,再用神经网络修正小尺度偏差。
  • 在1Gpc³模拟中提升与真实初态的相关系数,且对模型误差不敏感。
  • 训练后可直接用于3Gpc³更大体积,适合像DESI这样的大规模巡天。

我们提出一种混合方法,从晚期晕和星系重建原始密度场。方法分两步:(1) 使用标准玻色-声波振荡(BAO)重建恢复原始密度场的大尺度特征;(2) 在全体积划分的子网格上训练深度学习模型,学习小尺度修正。推理时,将该修正卷积至整个观测体积,实现大体积扩展。我们在Quijote $1(h^{-1} ext{Gpc})^3$ 模拟套件中的晕和星系目录(包括配置空间和红移空间)上训练该方法。在保留模拟测试中,联合方法显著提升了与真实初始密度场的交叉相关系数,并对中等程度的模型误设保持鲁棒性。此外,$1(h^{-1} ext{Gpc})^3$ 训练的模型可直接应用于更大的盒子(如$(3h^{-1} ext{Gpc})^3$),无需重新训练。最后,我们对该方法恢复的BAO峰进行费舍尔分析,发现其显著降低了声学尺度的误差。该方法在不牺牲大尺度精度的前提下,有效捕捉非线性和偏差,且处理任意大体积时计算开销不变,特别适用于DESI等大体积巡天。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We present a hybrid method for reconstructing the primordial density from late-time halos and galaxies. Our approach involves two steps: (1) apply standard Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) reconstruction to recover the large-scale features in the primordial density field and (2) train a deep learning model to learn small-scale corrections on partitioned subgrids of the full volume. At inference, this correction is then convolved across the full survey volume, enabling scaling to large survey volumes. We train our method on both mock halo catalogs and mock galaxy catalogs in both configuration and redshift space from the Quijote $1(h^{-1}\,\mathrm{Gpc})^3$ simulation suite. When evaluated on held-out simulations, our combined approach significantly improves the reconstruction cross-correlation coefficient with the true initial density field and remains robust to moderate model misspecification. Additionally, we show that models trained on $1(h^{-1}\,\mathrm{Gpc})^3$ can be applied to larger boxes--e.g., $(3h^{-1}\,\mathrm{Gpc})^3$--without retraining. Finally, we perform a Fisher analysis on our method's recovery of the BAO peak, and find that it significantly improves the error on the acoustic scale relative to standard BAO reconstruction. Ultimately, this method robustly captures nonlinearities and bias without sacrificing large-scale accuracy, and its flexibility to handle arbitrarily large volumes without escalating computational requirements makes it especially promising for large-volume surveys like DESI.

宇宙学机器学习星系重建

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