让机器人根据专家偏好自动选择检查视角,提升核设施拆除效率与安全。
Preference-Driven Active 3D Scene Representation for Robotic Inspection in Nuclear Decommissioning
- 用人类反馈强化学习优化机器人路径规划,融入操作员偏好。
- 在反应堆瓷砖检测中,相比基线方法提升场景表示质量与轨迹效率。
- 适合高风险环境下的自动化巡检,如核设施拆除与远程维护。
主动3D场景表征在现代机器人应用中至关重要,涵盖远程巡检、操作与远程呈现。传统方法主要优化几何保真度或渲染精度,但常忽视操作员特定目标,如安全关键覆盖或任务驱动视角。这一局限导致在受限环境(如核设施拆除)中视点选择不佳。为此,我们提出一种新框架,将专家操作员偏好整合进主动3D场景表征流程。具体而言,采用基于人类反馈的强化学习(RLHF)指导机器人路径规划,根据专家输入重构奖励函数。为捕捉操作员特定优先级,我们开展交互式选择实验,评估用户在3D场景表征中的偏好。我们在核设施拆除场景中使用UR3e机械臂验证该框架,用于反应堆瓷砖巡检。相比基线方法,本方案在提升场景表示质量的同时优化了轨迹效率。基于RLHF的策略持续优于随机选择,更关注任务关键细节。通过结合显式3D几何建模与隐式人机协同优化,本工作为自适应、高安全性机器人感知系统奠定基础,推动核设施拆除、远程维护等高风险环境的自动化进程。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Active 3D scene representation is pivotal in modern robotics applications, including remote inspection, manipulation, and telepresence. Traditional methods primarily optimize geometric fidelity or rendering accuracy, but often overlook operator-specific objectives, such as safety-critical coverage or task-driven viewpoints. This limitation leads to suboptimal viewpoint selection, particularly in constrained environments such as nuclear decommissioning. To bridge this gap, we introduce a novel framework that integrates expert operator preferences into the active 3D scene representation pipeline. Specifically, we employ Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) to guide robotic path planning, reshaping the reward function based on expert input. To capture operator-specific priorities, we conduct interactive choice experiments that evaluate user preferences in 3D scene representation. We validate our framework using a UR3e robotic arm for reactor tile inspection in a nuclear decommissioning scenario. Compared to baseline methods, our approach enhances scene representation while optimizing trajectory efficiency. The RLHF-based policy consistently outperforms random selection, prioritizing task-critical details. By unifying explicit 3D geometric modeling with implicit human-in-the-loop optimization, this work establishes a foundation for adaptive, safety-critical robotic perception systems, paving the way for enhanced automation in nuclear decommissioning, remote maintenance, and other high-risk environments.
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