arXiv:2504.03133cs.CV2025-04被引 3

用注意力机制提升云属性联合反演精度,显著优于传统方法。

Joint Retrieval of Cloud properties using Attention-based Deep Learning Models

  • 基于UNet结构引入注意力模块,捕捉像素间空间关联
  • 联合反演云光学厚度和有效半径,误差比SOTA降低34%~42%
  • 适合需要高精度云参数的气候建模与遥感应用

准确反演云属性对理解云行为及其对气候的影响至关重要,涉及天气预报、气候模拟和地球辐射平衡估算。独立像元近似(IPA)虽计算高效,但因忽略三维辐射效应、边缘误差及重叠云场问题而存在显著局限。近年深度学习模型通过利用像素间空间关系提升了反演精度,但常面临内存占用大、仅支持单属性反演或难以实现联合反演等问题。为此,本文提出带注意力模块的云反演网络CAM,一种紧凑的UNet架构,结合注意力机制减少厚云、重叠云区域误差,并设计专用损失函数实现云光学厚度(COT)与云有效半径(CER)的联合反演。在大型涡模拟(LES)数据集上的实验表明,CAM模型优于当前先进深度学习方法,COT与CER的平均绝对误差(MAE)分别降低34%和42%,相比IPA方法分别降低76%和86%。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Accurate cloud property retrieval is vital for understanding cloud behavior and its impact on climate, including applications in weather forecasting, climate modeling, and estimating Earth's radiation balance. The Independent Pixel Approximation (IPA), a widely used physics-based approach, simplifies radiative transfer calculations by assuming each pixel is independent of its neighbors. While computationally efficient, IPA has significant limitations, such as inaccuracies from 3D radiative effects, errors at cloud edges, and ineffectiveness for overlapping or heterogeneous cloud fields. Recent AI/ML-based deep learning models have improved retrieval accuracy by leveraging spatial relationships across pixels. However, these models are often memory-intensive, retrieve only a single cloud property, or struggle with joint property retrievals. To overcome these challenges, we introduce CloudUNet with Attention Module (CAM), a compact UNet-based model that employs attention mechanisms to reduce errors in thick, overlapping cloud regions and a specialized loss function for joint retrieval of Cloud Optical Thickness (COT) and Cloud Effective Radius (CER). Experiments on a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) dataset show that our CAM model outperforms state-of-the-art deep learning methods, reducing mean absolute errors (MAE) by 34% for COT and 42% for CER, and achieving 76% and 86% lower MAE for COT and CER retrievals compared to the IPA method.

云反演注意力机制深度学习遥感

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