arXiv:2504.03756cs.LGcs.CV2025-04中稿 · VTC2025-Spring

用少量标注轨迹自动标注海量未标注轨迹,降低定位数据标注成本

Semi-Self Representation Learning for Crowdsourced WiFi Trajectories

论文配图:Semi-Self Representation Learning for Crowdsourced WiFi Trajectories
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过剪切翻转增强与中点相遇策略,实现半自监督轨迹表征学习
  • 仅需与物理区域规模相当的标注数据,即可标注远超其规模的未标注轨迹
  • 适合需要大规模轨迹数据但标注资源有限的定位系统研究者

基于WiFi指纹的定位技术已广泛研究。点级方法依赖于WiFi指纹的位置标注,而轨迹级方法则需轨迹终点位置标注,其中一条WiFi轨迹是信号特征的多变量时间序列。由于一个区域内可能存在的轨迹数量随区域大小呈指数增长,轨迹数据集远大于点级数据集。本文提出一种半自监督表示学习方案:利用大量众包获取的未标注轨迹数据集 $C$,通过较小的标注轨迹数据集 $ ilde C$ 自动标注。$ ilde C$ 的规模仅需与物理区域大小成正比,而未标注数据集 $C$ 可大得多。该方法基于‘剪切-翻转’增强策略和中点相遇范式实现。采用两阶段学习:先对未标注轨迹进行嵌入,再对端点进行嵌入;学习到的表示由 $ ilde C$ 标注,并接入神经网络定位模型。结果在保持良好精度的同时,显著减轻了轨迹定位的人工标注负担。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

WiFi fingerprint-based localization has been studied intensively. Point-based solutions rely on position annotations of WiFi fingerprints. Trajectory-based solutions, however, require end-position annotations of WiFi trajectories, where a WiFi trajectory is a multivariate time series of signal features. A trajectory dataset is much larger than a pointwise dataset as the number of potential trajectories in a field may grow exponentially with respect to the size of the field. This work presents a semi-self representation learning solution, where a large dataset $C$ of crowdsourced unlabeled WiFi trajectories can be automatically labeled by a much smaller dataset $\tilde C$ of labeled WiFi trajectories. The size of $\tilde C$ only needs to be proportional to the size of the physical field, while the unlabeled $C$ could be much larger. This is made possible through a novel ``cut-and-flip'' augmentation scheme based on the meet-in-the-middle paradigm. A two-stage learning consisting of trajectory embedding followed by endpoint embedding is proposed for the unlabeled $C$. Then the learned representations are labeled by $\tilde C$ and connected to a neural-based localization network. The result, while delivering promising accuracy, significantly relieves the burden of human annotations for trajectory-based localization.

轨迹定位自监督学习众包数据表示学习

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