用拦截的射频信号训练卫星避让策略,提升太空对抗中的自主规避能力。
I Can Hear You Coming: RF Sensing for Uncooperative Satellite Evasion
- 通过射频信号与飞行状态多模输入,训练强化学习避让策略。
- 在真实太空监视数据上验证,实现快速、鲁棒的对抗规避。
- 适合缺乏态势感知的中小型卫星,增强在轨自主性。
本文提出一种利用截获射频信号指导受限强化学习策略的新方法,以实现复杂环境下卫星的稳健控制。面对国家行为体的非合作卫星对抗,轨道机动性与敏捷性亟需提升,但现有研究鲜少关注太空环境下的自主快速避障能力。此外,多数航天器受资源约束,难以具备充分的空间态势感知能力以支持决策。为此,我们构建了“猫鼠”系统,基于强化学习训练最优避障算法,将截获的射频通信与动态航天器状态作为多模态输入,指导“老鼠”卫星规避“猫”卫星。鉴于射频通信的普遍性,该系统适用于多种卫星平台。除了提供一套可实施的受限强化学习框架外,我们还探索了几种基于优化的避障方法,并在来自太空监视网络(SSN)的真实数据上测试其性能,分析不同方法的优势与局限。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This work presents a novel method for leveraging intercepted Radio Frequency (RF) signals to inform a constrained Reinforcement Learning (RL) policy for robust control of a satellite operating in contested environments. Uncooperative satellite engagements with nation-state actors prompts the need for enhanced maneuverability and agility on-orbit. However, robust, autonomous and rapid adversary avoidance capabilities for the space environment is seldom studied. Further, the capability constrained nature of many space vehicles does not afford robust space situational awareness capabilities that can be used for well informed maneuvering. We present a "Cat & Mouse" system for training optimal adversary avoidance algorithms using RL. We propose the novel approach of utilizing intercepted radio frequency communication and dynamic spacecraft state as multi-modal input that could inform paths for a mouse to outmaneuver the cat satellite. Given the current ubiquitous use of RF communications, our proposed system can be applicable to a diverse array of satellites. In addition to providing a comprehensive framework for training and implementing a constrained RL policy capable of providing control for robust adversary avoidance, we also explore several optimization based methods for adversarial avoidance. These methods were then tested on real-world data obtained from the Space Surveillance Network (SSN) to analyze the benefits and limitations of different avoidance methods.
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