arXiv:2504.04936cs.ROcs.LG2025-04被引 3

用新方法让机器人在有限时间内生成更安全、多样的轨迹。

Constrained Gaussian Process Motion Planning via Stein Variational Newton Inference

  • 结合斯坦因变分梯度下降与高斯过程,优化带硬约束的运动规划。
  • 350次任务平均成功率98.57%,显著优于现有方法。
  • 适合需要高鲁棒性与多样化路径的复杂环境机器人应用。

高斯过程运动规划(GPMP)是一种在有限计算时间内生成平滑轨迹的常用框架,对许多机器人应用至关重要。然而,传统GPMP方法在执行硬性非线性约束时表现不佳,且依赖最大后验估计(MAP),忽略完整的贝叶斯后验分布,限制了规划多样性并影响决策能力。近期将斯坦因变分梯度下降(SVGD)引入运动规划虽有进展,但仍面临约束严格遵守困难及在概率推断条件不佳时效率低下的问题。为此,我们提出一种新型约束型斯坦因变分高斯过程运动规划(cSGPMP)框架,采用专为硬约束下轨迹优化设计的GPMP先验。该方法提升了基于粒子的推断效率,并显式处理非线性约束。这一改进显著拓展了GPMP在需强鲁棒性贝叶斯推断、严格约束遵循和有限时间内高效计算场景的应用范围。我们在标准基准上验证方法,350次规划任务平均成功率达98.57%,显著优于竞争基线,证明其能发现并利用多样轨迹模式,增强复杂环境中的灵活性与适应性,且未带来显著计算开销。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Gaussian Process Motion Planning (GPMP) is a widely used framework for generating smooth trajectories within a limited compute time--an essential requirement in many robotic applications. However, traditional GPMP approaches often struggle with enforcing hard nonlinear constraints and rely on Maximum a Posteriori (MAP) solutions that disregard the full Bayesian posterior. This limits planning diversity and ultimately hampers decision-making. Recent efforts to integrate Stein Variational Gradient Descent (SVGD) into motion planning have shown promise in handling complex constraints. Nonetheless, these methods still face persistent challenges, such as difficulties in strictly enforcing constraints and inefficiencies when the probabilistic inference problem is poorly conditioned. To address these issues, we propose a novel constrained Stein Variational Gaussian Process Motion Planning (cSGPMP) framework, incorporating a GPMP prior specifically designed for trajectory optimization under hard constraints. Our approach improves the efficiency of particle-based inference while explicitly handling nonlinear constraints. This advancement significantly broadens the applicability of GPMP to motion planning scenarios demanding robust Bayesian inference, strict constraint adherence, and computational efficiency within a limited time. We validate our method on standard benchmarks, achieving an average success rate of 98.57% across 350 planning tasks, significantly outperforming competitive baselines. This demonstrates the ability of our method to discover and use diverse trajectory modes, enhancing flexibility and adaptability in complex environments, and delivering significant improvements over standard baselines without incurring major computational costs.

运动规划高斯过程约束优化机器人

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