用统一生成框架同时提升搜索与推荐效果,解决两者相互制约问题。
Unified Generative Search and Recommendation
- 将搜索和推荐都建模为序列生成任务,用双用途标识符融合语义与协同信号。
- 在多个公开及商业数据集上实现搜索与推荐的性能双双领先,显著降低任务间权衡。
- 适合需要兼顾搜索与推荐的平台开发者,尤其关注多任务协同优化者。
现代商业平台通常同时提供搜索与推荐功能以满足多样化用户需求,联合建模这两项任务具有吸引力。然而,已有研究表明,整合二者常带来性能权衡:一项任务的提升往往以另一项下降为代价。这源于其不同的信息需求:搜索强调查询与商品间的语义相关性,而推荐更依赖用户与商品间的协同信号。有效解决该权衡需应对两个关键问题:(1) 将语义与协同信号融合进商品表征;(2) 引导模型区分并适应搜索与推荐的独特需求。大型语言模型驱动的生成式检索为这一挑战带来新可能:该范式将商品编码为标识符,并将搜索与推荐均视为序列生成任务,具备利用多标识符与任务特异性提示的灵活性。基于此,我们提出 GenSAR——一种统一的生成式搜索与推荐框架。通过设计双用途标识符与定制化训练策略,实现互补信号融合与任务目标对齐。在多个公共及商业数据集上的实验表明,GenSAR 有效缓解了性能权衡,在两项任务上均达到当前最优表现。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Modern commercial platforms typically offer both search and recommendation functionalities to serve diverse user needs, making joint modeling of these tasks an appealing direction. While prior work has shown that integrating search and recommendation can be mutually beneficial, it also reveals a performance trade-off: enhancements in one task often come at the expense of the other. This challenge arises from their distinct information requirements: search emphasizes semantic relevance between queries and items, whereas recommendation depends more on collaborative signals among users and items. Effectively addressing this trade-off requires tackling two key problems: (1) integrating both semantic and collaborative signals into item representations, and (2) guiding the model to distinguish and adapt to the unique demands of search and recommendation. The emergence of generative retrieval with Large Language Models (LLMs) presents new possibilities. This paradigm encodes items as identifiers and frames both search and recommendation as sequential generation tasks, offering the flexibility to leverage multiple identifiers and task-specific prompts. In light of this, we introduce GenSAR, a unified generative framework for balanced search and recommendation. Our approach designs dual-purpose identifiers and tailored training strategies to incorporate complementary signals and align with task-specific objectives. Experiments on both public and commercial datasets demonstrate that GenSAR effectively reduces the trade-off and achieves state-of-the-art performance on both tasks.
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