梳理人机协作的演进,提出四维协同框架
Unraveling Human-AI Teaming: A Review and Outlook
- 从工具到伙伴:AI需具备自主学习与适应能力
- 发现两大短板:价值对齐难、未充分赋能为团队成员
- 适合研究人机协同、智能系统设计者参考
人工智能正以前所未有的速度发展,具有显著提升决策与生产力的潜力。然而,人机协同决策过程仍不成熟,未能实现其变革性前景。本文探讨了AI代理从被动工具向主动协作成员的演变,强调其在复杂环境中自主学习、适应与运行的能力。这一范式转变挑战了传统团队动态,要求新的交互协议、任务分配策略和责任分担机制。基于团队态势感知(Team SA)理论,识别出当前人机协同研究中的两大关键缺口:难以将AI代理与人类价值观和目标对齐,以及未充分利用AI作为真正团队成员的潜力。为此,我们提出以四个核心维度——构建、协调、维护与训练——为基础的研究展望。该框架强调共享心智模型、信任建立、冲突解决与技能适配对于有效协同的重要性。此外,还讨论了不同团队构成、目标与复杂度带来的独特挑战。本文为未来人机协同研究与可持续高效团队的实际设计提供了基础性议程。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is advancing at an unprecedented pace, with clear potential to enhance decision-making and productivity. Yet, the collaborative decision-making process between humans and AI remains underdeveloped, often falling short of its transformative possibilities. This paper explores the evolution of AI agents from passive tools to active collaborators in human-AI teams, emphasizing their ability to learn, adapt, and operate autonomously in complex environments. This paradigm shifts challenges traditional team dynamics, requiring new interaction protocols, delegation strategies, and responsibility distribution frameworks. Drawing on Team Situation Awareness (SA) theory, we identify two critical gaps in current human-AI teaming research: the difficulty of aligning AI agents with human values and objectives, and the underutilization of AI's capabilities as genuine team members. Addressing these gaps, we propose a structured research outlook centered on four key aspects of human-AI teaming: formulation, coordination, maintenance, and training. Our framework highlights the importance of shared mental models, trust-building, conflict resolution, and skill adaptation for effective teaming. Furthermore, we discuss the unique challenges posed by varying team compositions, goals, and complexities. This paper provides a foundational agenda for future research and practical design of sustainable, high-performing human-AI teams.
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