用低成本立体相机实现海岸线高频高精度三维监测
Implementation of a Zed 2i Stereo Camera for High-Frequency Shoreline Change and Coastal Elevation Monitoring
- 部署ZED 2i相机+近景摄影测量，每小时生成三维点云和地形图
- 垂直误差37.56厘米，定位精度达2.67厘米（x方向）
- 适合需要高频观测的海岸带研究者或环境监测团队
沿海地区人口与经济利益增长，推动对海岸高程与岸线变化的高频监测需求。现有方法常缺乏小时级时间分辨率。本研究采用低成本ZED 2i立体相机系统结合近景摄影测量，实现局部尺度下高时序的影像采集，生成三维点云、数字表面模型（DSMs）及地理校正影像。主要贡献包括：(i) 相机内参标定，(ii) 影像与点云的地理校正与配准，(iii) 沙滩高程DSM生成，(iv) 与无人机结构光摄影测量结果对比。初步结果显示，尽管存在局限，该系统仍可在局部区域实现所需测绘产品。系统平均重投影误差为0.20像素，点云配准误差27厘米，相对于真实地面高程的垂直误差为37.56厘米，地理校正均方根误差分别为x方向2.67厘米、y方向2.81厘米。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The increasing population, thus financial interests, in coastal areas have increased the need to monitor coastal elevation and shoreline change. Though several resources exist to obtain this information, they often lack the required temporal resolution for short-term monitoring (e.g., every hour). To address this issue, this study implements a low-cost ZED 2i stereo camera system and close-range photogrammetry to collect images for generating 3D point clouds, digital surface models (DSMs) of beach elevation, and georectified imagery at a localized scale and high temporal resolution. The main contributions of this study are (i) intrinsic camera calibration, (ii) georectification and registration of acquired imagery and point cloud, (iii) generation of the DSM of the beach elevation, and (iv) a comparison of derived products against those from uncrewed aircraft system structure-from-motion photogrammetry. Preliminary results show that despite its limitations, the ZED 2i can provide the desired mapping products at localized and high temporal scales. The system achieved a mean reprojection error of 0.20 px, a point cloud registration of 27 cm, a vertical error of 37.56 cm relative to ground truth, and georectification root mean square errors of 2.67 cm and 2.81 cm for x and y.
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