arXiv:2504.07396quant-phcs.AI2025-04被引 10

用大模型自动设计量子特征映射,实现无需人工干预的高性能量子机器学习。

Automating quantum feature map design via large language models

  • 基于大模型构建闭环系统,自动生成并优化量子特征映射。
  • 在MNIST上达到97.3%准确率,接近径向基函数核的性能。
  • 适用于量子电路自动化设计,适合追求高效量子算法的研究者。

量子特征映射是量子机器学习的核心组件,能将经典数据编码为量子态以利用高维希尔伯特空间的表达能力。尽管理论上前景广阔,但设计出实际优于经典方法的量子特征映射仍是未解难题。本文提出一种代理系统,利用大语言模型自主生成、评估和优化量子特征映射。系统包含五个模块:生成、存储、验证、评估与评审,通过迭代改进提升性能。在多个标准基准数据集上的数值实验表明,该系统可在无须人工干预的情况下发现并优化量子特征映射。在MNIST上,最优生成映射达到97.3%分类准确率,优于现有量子特征映射,并与经典核方法竞争,仅落后径向基函数核0.3个百分点;在Fashion-MNIST与CIFAR-10上也观察到类似提升。结果表明,基于大模型的闭环探索可自动发现适配数据的量子特征。本方法为量子线路设计的自动化发现提供了实用路径,有助于弥合理论量子机器学习模型与真实任务表现之间的差距。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Quantum feature maps are a key component of quantum machine learning, encoding classical data into quantum states to exploit the expressive power of high-dimensional Hilbert spaces. Despite their theoretical promise, designing quantum feature maps that offer practical advantages over classical methods remains an open challenge. In this work, we propose an agentic system that autonomously generates, evaluates, and refines quantum feature maps using large language models. The system consists of five components: Generation, Storage, Validation, Evaluation, and Review. Using these components, it iteratively improves quantum feature maps. Through numerical evaluations on widely used benchmark datasets, the system discovers and improves quantum feature maps without human intervention. On MNIST, the best generated feature map achieves 97.3% classification accuracy, outperforming existing quantum feature maps and achieving competitive performance with classical kernels, remaining within 0.3 percentage points of the radial basis function kernel. Similar improvements are observed on Fashion-MNIST and CIFAR-10. These results demonstrate that LLM-driven closed-loop discovery can autonomously explore dataset-adaptive quantum features. More broadly, our approach provides a practical methodology for automated discovery in quantum circuit design, helping bridge the gap between theoretical QML models and their empirical performance on real-world machine learning tasks.

量子机器学习大模型自动化设计

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