通过不确定性阈值过滤,提升多模态定位精度与可靠性。
Localization Meets Uncertainty: Uncertainty-Aware Multi-Modal Localization
- 基于置信度百分位的筛选策略,剔除不可靠的3自由度位姿预测。
- 在三个真实数据集上,位置误差降低41%至69%,方向误差降低56%至73%。
- 适合部署于服务机器人的高可靠定位系统,无需修改原模型。
可靠的定位对复杂室内环境中的机器人导航至关重要。本文提出一种无需修改预测模型的不确定性感知定位方法,通过基于分位数的拒绝策略,根据网络估计的随机性与认知不确定性,过滤不可靠的3-DoF位姿预测。该方法应用于融合RGB图像与2D LiDAR数据的多模态端到端定位系统,并在商用服务机器人采集的三个真实世界数据集上进行评估。实验结果表明,采用更严格的不确定性阈值可持续提升位姿精度:当使用90%、80%和70%阈值时,平均位置误差分别降低41.0%、56.7%和69.4%,平均方向误差分别降低55.6%、65.7%和73.3%。此外,该策略有效剔除极端离群点,使轨迹更贴近真实轨迹。据我们所知,这是首个在多模态端到端定位任务中定量验证分位数不确定性拒绝效益的研究。本方法为实际部署中提升定位系统的可靠性与准确性提供了实用方案。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Reliable localization is critical for robot navigation in complex indoor environments. In this paper, we propose an uncertainty-aware localization method that enhances the reliability of localization outputs without modifying the prediction model itself. This study introduces a percentile-based rejection strategy that filters out unreliable 3-DoF pose predictions based on aleatoric and epistemic uncertainties the network estimates. We apply this approach to a multi-modal end-to-end localization that fuses RGB images and 2D LiDAR data, and we evaluate it across three real-world datasets collected using a commercialized serving robot. Experimental results show that applying stricter uncertainty thresholds consistently improves pose accuracy. Specifically, the mean position error is reduced by 41.0%, 56.7%, and 69.4%, and the mean orientation error by 55.6%, 65.7%, and 73.3%, when applying 90%, 80%, and 70% thresholds, respectively. Furthermore, the rejection strategy effectively removes extreme outliers, resulting in better alignment with ground truth trajectories. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to quantitatively demonstrate the benefits of percentile-based uncertainty rejection in multi-modal end-to-end localization tasks. Our approach provides a practical means to enhance the reliability and accuracy of localization systems in real-world deployments.
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