让机器人像人一样精准操控黏弹性物体,实时调节力与形变。
CATCH-FORM-ACTer: Compliance-Aware Tactile Control and Hybrid Deformation Regulation-Based Action Transformer for Viscoelastic Object Manipulation
- 用Transformer动态调节刚度、阻尼和扩散参数,实现力-形变协同控制
- 在三种任务中成功率提升10%-20%,力场模式更接近人类操作
- 适合工业、医疗和家庭场景中的高精度触觉交互需求
刚性机器人自动化操作黏弹性物体面临动态参数不匹配、接触振荡不稳定以及时空力-形变耦合等挑战。此前工作提出的CATCH-FORM-3D策略通过接触力驱动的阻抗外环与偏微分方程(PDE)稳定内环结合,实现了亚毫米级表面形变精度。但该方法需针对特定物体和任务进行参数调优与校准。为此,本文提出CATCH-FORM-ACTer,在此基础上引入基于动作分块的Transformer(ACT)框架。通过直观遥操作实现示范学习(LfD),构建长时序感知-决策-执行序列。不同于仅关注轨迹规划的传统ACT方法,本方法在多阶段操作中实时动态调整刚度、阻尼和扩散参数,有效模拟人类力-形变调节能力。单臂/双臂机器人在三个任务中的实验表明,本方法生成的力场模式更优,成功率相较传统方法提高10%-20%,可实现工业、医疗及家庭场景下的精确、安全交互。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Automating contact-rich manipulation of viscoelastic objects with rigid robots faces challenges including dynamic parameter mismatches, unstable contact oscillations, and spatiotemporal force-deformation coupling. In our prior work, a Compliance-Aware Tactile Control and Hybrid Deformation Regulation (CATCH-FORM-3D) strategy fulfills robust and effective manipulations of 3D viscoelastic objects, which combines a contact force-driven admittance outer loop and a PDE-stabilized inner loop, achieving sub-millimeter surface deformation accuracy. However, this strategy requires fine-tuning of object-specific parameters and task-specific calibrations, to bridge this gap, a CATCH-FORM-ACTer is proposed, by enhancing CATCH-FORM-3D with a framework of Action Chunking with Transformer (ACT). An intuitive teleoperation system performs Learning from Demonstration (LfD) to build up a long-horizon sensing, decision-making and execution sequences. Unlike conventional ACT methods focused solely on trajectory planning, our approach dynamically adjusts stiffness, damping, and diffusion parameters in real time during multi-phase manipulations, effectively imitating human-like force-deformation modulation. Experiments on single arm/bimanual robots in three tasks show better force fields patterns and thus 10%-20% higher success rates versus conventional methods, enabling precise, safe interactions for industrial, medical or household scenarios.
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