用心电图预测癫痫发作，提前45分钟预警，准确率76%。

Epileptic seizures are transient neurological events characterized by abnormal and excessive neuron activity in the brain, which are often associated with measurable disturbances in the cardiovascular system. Traditionally, electroencephalogram (EEG) signals have served as the primary modality for seizure prediction due to their direct measurement of brain activity and high diagnostic precision. However, their cost, sensitivity to noise, and practical deployment constraints limit their applicability outside controlled clinical environments. To overcome these challenges, recent studies have increasingly investigated electrocardiogram (ECG) signals as a practical and non-invasive alternative for seizure prediction in real-world settings. Evidence suggests that ECG-derived cardiac signatures may precede clinical seizure onset, offering a viable window for early detection. In this paper, we propose a reconstruction-based anomaly detection framework that integrates time-frequency representations with advanced deep learning models to capture deviations in heart rate dynamics associated with seizure onset. Afterward, reconstruction error is smoothed, and an adaptive thresholding strategy is applied to reduce false alarms. The method was evaluated on the Siena database, achieving a specificity of 99.16%, accuracy of 76.05%, and a false positive rate (FPR) of 0.01/h, with an average prediction horizon of 45 minutes prior to seizure onset. These results demonstrate that ECG-based prediction can provide clinically actionable early warnings while improving patient accessibility and comfort. Nevertheless, this performance reflects a trade-off favoring high specificity over sensitivity, resulting in reduced FPR and aligning with clinical requirements for reliable deployment.