基于Minecraft的实时交互世界模型,能根据动作生成连贯游戏画面。
MineWorld: a Real-Time and Open-Source Interactive World Model on Minecraft
- 用视觉与动作令牌交替拼接输入,通过自回归Transformer建模状态演化。
- 支持4到7帧每秒的实时生成,比现有开源扩散模型显著更快。
- 专为真实交互设计,评估包含视觉质量与动作跟随能力两方面。
世界建模是智能体在动态环境中与人类有效交互的关键任务。本文提出MineWorld,一个运行于Minecraft上的实时交互式世界模型,该沙盒游戏常被用作世界建模的测试平台。MineWorld采用视觉-动作自回归Transformer,以配对的游戏画面和对应动作作为输入,生成后续的新画面。具体而言,通过图像分词器和动作分词器将视觉场景与动作转换为离散令牌,再将两类令牌交错拼接构成模型输入。模型通过预测下一个令牌进行训练,同时学习丰富的游戏状态表征及状态与动作之间的条件关系。推理阶段,我们提出一种新型并行解码算法,可同步预测每帧中的空间冗余令牌,使不同规模模型实现4至7帧每秒的生成速度,支持与玩家的实时互动。评估中,我们设计新指标,不仅衡量画面视觉质量,还评估生成画面的动作跟随能力,这对世界模型至关重要。综合实验表明,MineWorld显著优于当前开源的扩散类世界模型。代码与模型已公开。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
World modeling is a crucial task for enabling intelligent agents to effectively interact with humans and operate in dynamic environments. In this work, we propose MineWorld, a real-time interactive world model on Minecraft, an open-ended sandbox game which has been utilized as a common testbed for world modeling. MineWorld is driven by a visual-action autoregressive Transformer, which takes paired game scenes and corresponding actions as input, and generates consequent new scenes following the actions. Specifically, by transforming visual game scenes and actions into discrete token ids with an image tokenizer and an action tokenizer correspondingly, we consist the model input with the concatenation of the two kinds of ids interleaved. The model is then trained with next token prediction to learn rich representations of game states as well as the conditions between states and actions simultaneously. In inference, we develop a novel parallel decoding algorithm that predicts the spatial redundant tokens in each frame at the same time, letting models in different scales generate $4$ to $7$ frames per second and enabling real-time interactions with game players. In evaluation, we propose new metrics to assess not only visual quality but also the action following capacity when generating new scenes, which is crucial for a world model. Our comprehensive evaluation shows the efficacy of MineWorld, outperforming SoTA open-sourced diffusion based world models significantly. The code and model have been released.
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