用持续预训练让大模型更好理解跨领域用户行为。
Large Language Model Empowered Recommendation Meets All-domain Continual Pre-Training
- 设计统一提示模板,融合多领域行为序列进行持续预训练。
- 在七个领域数据上实现领先性能,显著降低语义与行为的偏差。
- 适合研究推荐系统与大模型融合的学者和工程师。
近期研究尝试将大语言模型(LLM)融入推荐系统,利用其语义理解与开放世界知识来提升用户行为理解。现有方法主要通过单领域用户交互进行监督微调,但面临通用语言表示与领域特定偏好不匹配、难以适应多领域场景的问题。为此,我们提出CPRec——一种面向推荐的全领域持续预训练框架,通过持续预训练全面对齐LLM与通用用户行为。首先设计统一提示模板,将用户多领域行为组织为领域特定与混合行为序列,模拟真实决策逻辑;其次提出适用于推荐持续预训练的温启-稳定-退火学习率调度策略,逐步增强模型从开放世界知识到通用推荐任务的知识适配能力。我们在涵盖七个领域的大型数据集上进行实验,并在两个平台的五个真实数据集上验证效果。结果表明,该持续预训练范式显著缓解了语义-行为差异,在所有推荐场景中均达到领先性能。源代码将在接受后发布。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Recent research efforts have investigated how to integrate Large Language Models (LLMs) into recommendation, capitalizing on their semantic comprehension and open-world knowledge for user behavior understanding. These approaches predominantly employ supervised fine-tuning on single-domain user interactions to adapt LLMs for specific recommendation tasks. However, they typically encounter dual challenges: the mismatch between general language representations and domain-specific preference patterns, as well as the limited adaptability to multi-domain recommendation scenarios. To bridge these gaps, we introduce CPRec -- an All-domain Continual Pre-Training framework for Recommendation -- designed to holistically align LLMs with universal user behaviors through the continual pre-training paradigm. Specifically, we first design a unified prompt template and organize users' multi-domain behaviors into domain-specific behavioral sequences and all-domain mixed behavioral sequences that emulate real-world user decision logic. To optimize behavioral knowledge infusion, we devise a Warmup-Stable-Annealing learning rate schedule tailored for the continual pre-training paradigm in recommendation to progressively enhance the LLM's capability in knowledge adaptation from open-world knowledge to universal recommendation tasks. To evaluate the effectiveness of our CPRec, we implement it on a large-scale dataset covering seven domains and conduct extensive experiments on five real-world datasets from two distinct platforms. Experimental results confirm that our continual pre-training paradigm significantly mitigates the semantic-behavioral discrepancy and achieves state-of-the-art performance in all recommendation scenarios. The source code will be released upon acceptance.
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