用大模型自动把结构描述转成分析代码,实现从文字到结果的全链路自动化。
Integrating Large Language Models for Automated Structural Analysis
- 大模型解析文本描述,生成可执行的Python分析脚本。
- 基于GPT-4o的框架在20个问题上达到100%准确率,显著优于其他模型。
- 专有提示词设计提升复杂结构分析稳定性,适合工程人员快速建模。
自动化结构分析有望通过减少重复任务大幅提升效率。尽管人工智能方法日益普及,但尚无系统性框架利用大语言模型(LLMs)实现全自动结构分析。为此,本文提出一种新框架,将LLMs与结构分析软件集成:LLMs作为核心引擎,解析文本中的结构描述并转化为可执行的Python脚本;同时结合代码驱动的有限元工具如OpenSeesPy,通过领域特定提示设计与上下文学习策略增强模型的问题求解能力与生成稳定性,实现从文本描述到模型输出的全流程自动化。我们构建了一个包含20个结构分析文字题(SAWPs)的小规模基准数据集,附带真实答案,并评估不同LLMs在该框架下的表现。实验表明,基于GPT-4o的框架在测试中达到100%准确率,优于GPT-4(85%)、Gemini 1.5 Pro(80%)和Llama-3.3(30%)。此外,引入由结构工程师设计的系统指令,使非对称结构问题性能提升30%。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Automated analysis for engineering structures offers considerable potential for boosting efficiency by minimizing repetitive tasks. Although AI-driven methods are increasingly common, no systematic framework yet leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) for automatic structural analysis. To address this gap, we propose a novel framework that integrates LLMs with structural analysis software. LLMs serve as the core engine: they parse structural descriptions from text and translate them into executable Python scripts. Moreover, the framework integrates the generative capabilities of LLMs with code-based finite element (FE) tools like OpenSeesPy. It employs domain-specific prompt design and in-context learning strategies to enhance the LLM's problem-solving capabilities and generative stability, enabling fully automated structural analysis from descriptive text to model outputs. In our experiments, we introduce a well-curated small-scale benchmark dataset of 20 structural analysis word problems (SAWPs) with ground-truth solutions and evaluate the performance of different LLMs within our framework in solving these SAWPs. The role of system instructions, crafted by structural engineers, is also investigated to understand their impact on LLM-driven structural analysis. Additionally, the generative stability of our framework is examined. Through multiple validation experiments on the benchmark, our results demonstrate that the proposed framework can substantially increase the level of automation in solving SAWPs compared to traditional methods. Quantitatively, the framework, built on GPT-4o, achieved 100% accuracy, surpassing GPT-4 (85%), Gemini 1.5 Pro (80%), and Llama-3.3 (30%) on the test examples. Furthermore, integrating domain-specific instructions enhanced performance by 30% on problems with asymmetrical structural configurations.
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