提出解耦扩散框架Nexus,提升自动驾驶场景生成的实时性与目标导向性。
Decoupled Diffusion Sparks Adaptive Scene Generation
- 采用分治式噪声建模,独立处理交通元素的去噪过程。
- 生成场景时位移误差降低40%,闭环规划性能提升20%。
- 专为复杂危险场景设计,适合自动驾驶安全测试需求。
可控场景生成可大幅降低自动驾驶多样数据采集成本。以往方法将交通布局生成视为预测过程,或一次性去噪整段序列,或逐帧迭代预测下一帧。前者难以实现在线响应,后者缺乏对目标状态的精确引导。此外,由于开放数据集中的大量安全、有序驾驶行为,模型难以生成复杂或挑战性场景。为此,我们提出Nexus——一种解耦式场景生成框架,通过细粒度标记和独立噪声状态,同时模拟有序与高难度场景。核心在于引入部分噪声掩码训练策略与噪声感知调度机制,确保去噪过程中环境信息及时更新。为增强挑战性场景生成能力,我们构建了一个包含540小时模拟数据的数据集,涵盖切入、急刹、碰撞等高风险交互。Nexus在保持高反应性和目标导向性的前提下,显著提升生成真实性,位移误差降低40%。实验还表明,通过数据增强可使闭环规划性能提升20%,验证其在安全关键数据生成中的潜力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Controllable scene generation could reduce the cost of diverse data collection substantially for autonomous driving. Prior works formulate the traffic layout generation as predictive progress, either by denoising entire sequences at once or by iteratively predicting the next frame. However, full sequence denoising hinders online reaction, while the latter's short-sighted next-frame prediction lacks precise goal-state guidance. Further, the learned model struggles to generate complex or challenging scenarios due to a large number of safe and ordinal driving behaviors from open datasets. To overcome these, we introduce Nexus, a decoupled scene generation framework that improves reactivity and goal conditioning by simulating both ordinal and challenging scenarios from fine-grained tokens with independent noise states. At the core of the decoupled pipeline is the integration of a partial noise-masking training strategy and a noise-aware schedule that ensures timely environmental updates throughout the denoising process. To complement challenging scenario generation, we collect a dataset consisting of complex corner cases. It covers 540 hours of simulated data, including high-risk interactions such as cut-in, sudden braking, and collision. Nexus achieves superior generation realism while preserving reactivity and goal orientation, with a 40% reduction in displacement error. We further demonstrate that Nexus improves closed-loop planning by 20% through data augmentation and showcase its capability in safety-critical data generation.
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