arXiv:2504.10681cs.CL2025-04被引 1

用自优化框架自动选最合适的大模型,省钱又准确。

EMAFusion: A Self-Optimizing System for Seamless LLM Selection and Integration

  • 分层路由:先用分类器,再用学习模型,最后逐步升级
  • 准确率94.3%,比单模型高2.6个百分点,成本低4倍
  • 适合预算有限但要高精度的用户,支持灵活权衡

尽管大语言模型(LLMs)在自然语言任务中显著提升了性能,但其部署带来的高昂计算与财务成本仍是主要障碍。现有路由策略通过将查询分配给更便宜或专用模型部分缓解该问题,但常依赖大量标注数据或脆弱的任务特定启发式规则。融合技术虽能提升准确率和鲁棒性,却可能加剧成本并强化共有的偏差。我们提出EMAFusion,一个自优化框架,实现针对特定查询的无缝模型选择与可靠执行。具体而言,EMAFusion结合基于分类体系的路由器、用于模糊输入的可学习路由器,以及基于多裁判置信度评估的级联方法,从低成本到高成本模型逐步推进。大量实验表明,EMAFusion相比最优单个模型准确率提升超过2.6个百分点(94.3% vs. 91.7%),成本仅为平均值的1/4。相较于GPT-4,EMAFusion在不足其1/20的成本下实现17.1个百分点的准确率提升。联合路由策略达到94.3%准确率,优于仅使用分类体系(88.1%)或学习预测器(91.7%)的方法,验证了统一策略的有效性。此外,EMAFusion支持灵活的成本-精度权衡,让用户根据预算与性能需求自由调节。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

While recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced performance across diverse natural language tasks, the high computational and financial costs associated with their deployment remain substantial barriers. Existing routing strategies partially alleviate this challenge by assigning queries to cheaper or specialized models, but they frequently rely on extensive labeled data or fragile task-specific heuristics. Conversely, fusion techniques aggregate multiple LLM outputs to boost accuracy and robustness, yet they often exacerbate cost and may reinforce shared biases. We introduce EMAFusion, a new framework that self-optimizes for seamless LLM selection and reliable execution for a given query. Specifically, EMAFusion integrates a taxonomy-based router for familiar query types, a learned router for ambiguous inputs, and a cascading approach that progressively escalates from cheaper to more expensive models based on multi-judge confidence evaluations. Through extensive evaluations, we find EMAFusion outperforms the best individual models by over 2.6 percentage points (94.3% vs. 91.7%), while being 4X cheaper than the average cost. EMAFusion further achieves a remarkable 17.1 percentage point improvement over models like GPT-4 at less than 1/20th the cost. Our combined routing approach delivers 94.3% accuracy compared to taxonomy-based (88.1%) and learned model predictor-based (91.7%) methods alone, demonstrating the effectiveness of our unified strategy. Finally, EMAFusion supports flexible cost-accuracy trade-offs, allowing users to balance their budgetary constraints and performance needs.

大模型融合成本优化智能路由

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