arXiv:2504.11377cs.RO2025-04被引 5

软体机器鱼通过分布式肌肉与传感实现高效游动,提升推进力和环境适应性。

Improving Swimming Performance in Soft Robotic Fish with Distributed Muscles and Embedded Kinematic Sensing

  • 采用分段可控人工肌肉与嵌入式应变传感器,实现身体各段独立驱动与运动感知。
  • 在8Hz共振频率下,顺序激活肌肉使推力提升至7.2mN,比传统方式高44%。
  • 高频共振仅需25%尾部位移即可接近低频推力,适合狭窄空间游动。

仿生水下航行器相比传统螺旋桨驱动设备,在效率、机动性和环境兼容性方面具有潜力。为实现生物游动性能,亟需具备分布式肌肉与运动学反馈的软体机器人。本研究设计并测试了一种软体机器鱼,其具有可独立控制的肌肉系统和沿身体分布的嵌入式运动传感。该机器人包含柔性脊柱、三组轴向分布的HASEL人工肌肉、嵌入式应变计、流线型硅胶外壳及外部电子元件。在固定配置下,当在第一共振频率(2 Hz)附近激励并同步对抗性驱动所有肌肉时,最大推力可达7.9 mN;在第二共振频率(8 Hz)下,同步驱动产生5.0 mN推力。引入肌肉驱动的相位顺序偏移后,8 Hz下的推力提升至7.2 mN,较简单对抗激活提升44%。该顺序驱动通过提高尾拍速度和将运动波形中的行进波成分增加四倍来增强推力。此外,8 Hz共振产生的推力几乎与2 Hz相当,但仅需约25%的尾部位移,表明高频共振在需要小运动包络的受限环境中更具优势。结果证明了独立可控肌肉与分布式运动感知带来的性能优势,该软体机器人平台为解决传感-运动控制难题提供了新途径。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Bio-inspired underwater vehicles could yield improved efficiency, maneuverability, and environmental compatibility over conventional propeller-driven underwater vehicles. However, to realize the swimming performance of biology, there is a need for soft robotic swimmers with both distributed muscles and kinematic feedback. This study presents the design and swimming performance of a soft robotic fish with independently controllable muscles and embedded kinematic sensing distributed along the body. The soft swimming robot consists of an interior flexible spine, three axially distributed sets of HASEL artificial muscles, embedded strain gauges, a streamlined silicone body, and off-board electronics. In a fixed configuration, the soft robot generates a maximum thrust of 7.9 mN when excited near its first resonant frequency (2 Hz) with synchronized antagonistic actuation of all muscles. When excited near its second resonant frequency (8 Hz), synchronized muscle actuation generates 5.0 mN of thrust. By introducing a sequential phase offset into the muscle actuation, the thrust at the second resonant frequency increases to 7.2 mN, a 44% increase from simple antagonistic activation. The sequential muscle activation improves the thrust by increasing 1) the tail-beat velocity and 2) traveling wave content in the swimming kinematics by four times. Further, the second resonant frequency (8 Hz) generates nearly as much thrust as the first resonance (2 Hz) while requiring only $\approx25$% of the tail displacement, indicating that higher resonant frequencies have benefits for swimming in confined environments where a smaller kinematic envelope is necessary. These results demonstrate the performance benefits of independently controllable muscles and distributed kinematic sensing, and this type of soft robotic swimmer provides a platform to address the open challenge of sensorimotor control.

软体机器人仿生游动人工肌肉运动传感

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