用物理模型生成更真实的缺陷数据,提升工业异常检测效果。
MathPhys-Guided Coarse-to-Fine Anomaly Synthesis with SQE-Driven Bi-Level Optimization for Anomaly Detection
- 基于三种典型物理缺陷机制生成合成缺陷。
- 分两阶段优化,先全局结构后局部细节,提升真实感。
- 通过质量评估器筛选优质样本,适合缺陷检测研究者使用。
当前工业异常检测面临两大瓶颈:(i) 真实缺陷图像稀少,(ii) 合成数据质量难以评估。现有方法(如拼接)忽略缺陷的物理成因,导致合成异常不一致、保真度低,影响模型泛化能力。本文提出一种轻量级合成框架,通过数学-物理模型引导生成缺陷,采用粗到精两阶段优化,并引入合成质量评估器(SQE)驱动双层优化。结合断裂线(FL)、点蚀损失(PL)和塑性畸变(PW)三种典型物理机制,生成高保真缺陷掩码,第一阶段(npcF)基于偏微分方程保证全局一致性,第二阶段(npcF++)进一步提升局部细节。同时利用SQE动态加权,使高质量样本在训练中更具影响力。在MVTec AD、VisA和BTAD三个基准上验证,本方法在图像与像素级AUROC上均达到领先水平,证实了MaPhC2F数据集与BiSQAD方法的有效性。代码将公开。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Currently, industrial anomaly detection suffers from two bottlenecks: (i) the rarity of real-world defect images and (ii) the opacity of sample quality when synthetic data are used. Existing synthetic strategies (e.g., cut-and-paste) overlook the underlying physical causes of defects, leading to inconsistent, low-fidelity anomalies that hamper model generalization to real-world complexities. In this paper, we introduce a novel and lightweight pipeline that generates synthetic anomalies through Math-Phys model guidance, refines them via a Coarse-to-Fine approach and employs a bi-level optimization strategy with a Synthesis Quality Estimator (SQE). By combining physical modeling of the three most typical physics-driven defect mechanisms: Fracture Line (FL), Pitting Loss (PL), and Plastic Warpage (PW), our method produces realistic defect masks, which are subsequently enhanced in two phases. The first stage (npcF) enforces a PDE-based consistency to achieve a globally coherent anomaly structure, while the second stage (npcF++) further improves local fidelity. Additionally, we leverage SQE-driven weighting, ensuring that high-quality synthetic samples receive greater emphasis during training. To validate our method, we conduct experiments on three anomaly detection benchmarks: MVTec AD, VisA, and BTAD. Across these datasets, our method achieves state-of-the-art results in both image- and pixel-AUROC, confirming the effectiveness of our MaPhC2F dataset and BiSQAD method. All code will be released.
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