arXiv:2504.13471cs.CL2025-04被引 1

提出三阶段流程,让大模型变超小模型,省钱又高效。

From Large to Super-Tiny: End-to-End Optimization for Cost-Efficient LLMs

  • 分三步:先用大模型生成数据,再迁移到0.5B小模型,最后压缩到0.4B。
  • 0.5B模型性能接近大模型,0.4B模型实现超低延迟与成本。
  • 适合资源有限、追求部署效率的NLP项目应用。

大型语言模型(LLMs)显著推动了人工智能发展,优化了传统自然语言处理(NLP)流程,已广泛集成于各类系统中。然而,直接使用大模型常导致成本过高或微调后性能不佳。本文提出一种三阶段成本高效的端到端大模型部署流程:原型构建、知识迁移与模型压缩,有效解决大模型框架中的成本-性能矛盾。该流程不仅简化系统复杂度,生成超小在线模型并提升性能、降低成本,还缓解开发周期紧张、高质量数据稀缺及算力受限等问题。第一阶段通过函数调用式管道构建高性能原型系统,作为教师模型生成高质量数据;第二阶段结合拒绝采样微调、强化学习与知识蒸馏,将知识迁移至0.5B学生模型,实现低成本高效能;第三阶段通过量化与剪枝进一步压缩至0.4B,达到极低延迟与成本。大量实验结果与模块化设计表明该框架具备跨领域潜力,适用于其他NLP场景。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced artificial intelligence by optimizing traditional Natural Language Processing (NLP) workflows, facilitating their integration into various systems. Many such NLP systems, including ours, directly incorporate LLMs. However, this approach either results in expensive costs or yields suboptimal performance after fine-tuning. In this paper, we introduce a three-stage cost-efficient end-to-end LLM deployment pipeline, comprising prototyping, knowledge transfer, and model compression, to effectively tackle the cost-performance dilemma in LLM-based frameworks. Its high cost-efficiency is manifested not only in simplifying system complexity and producing super-tiny online models with enhanced performance and reduced costs in the results, but also in addressing development cycle constraints, the lack of extensive high-quality data, and limited computational resources during the project development process. In the first stage, we construct an optimal performance prototype system by transforming complex tasks into a function call-based LLM-driven pipeline, which serves as a teacher model to generate high-quality data. In the second stage, we combine techniques like rejection sampling fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, and knowledge distillation to transfer knowledge to 0.5B student models, delivering effective performance at minimal cost. In the final stage, we further compress models to 0.4B via quantization and pruning, achieving ultra-low latency and cost. Extensive experimental results and the framework's modular design suggest cross-domain capabilities and potential applicability in other NLP areas.

大模型压缩低成本部署知识蒸馏0.4B模型

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。