研究AI如何影响学生阅读与思维,发现使用越久越被动,建议设计引导深度思考的工具。
Supporting Students' Reading and Cognition with AI
- 按布鲁姆分类法分析学生向AI提问,发现后期多问分析与评价类问题
- 长期使用后学生阅读参与度下降,趋于被动吸收信息
- 建议加入结构化支架和主动提示,支持师生共同调节阅读体验
随着AI工具在学习场景中的快速普及,理解其对学生阅读过程与认知投入的影响至关重要。本研究收集并分析了124个学生使用AI辅助阅读本科课程材料的会话记录,依据布鲁姆教育目标分类法对用户提问进行分类——包括记忆、理解、应用、分析、评价。结果显示,在单次使用会话中,第二、第三次提问以“分析”和“评价”类问题更为普遍,表明用户趋向高阶思维。然而,在数周时间尺度上观察,用户整体阅读参与度逐渐趋于被动。基于此,我们提出未来AI阅读支持系统的设计建议:为低阶认知任务(如回忆术语)提供结构化支架,并通过主动提示促进高阶思维(如分析、应用、评价)。此外,倡导引入自适应的人机协同功能,使学生与教师可灵活调整阅读体验,平衡效率与认知深度。本研究拓展了学术阅读中AI整合的讨论,揭示其潜力与挑战。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
With the rapid adoption of AI tools in learning contexts, it is vital to understand how these systems shape users' reading processes and cognitive engagement. We collected and analyzed text from 124 sessions with AI tools, in which students used these tools to support them as they read assigned readings for an undergraduate course. We categorized participants' prompts to AI according to Bloom's Taxonomy of educational objectives -- Remembering, Understanding, Applying, Analyzing, Evaluating. Our results show that ``Analyzing'' and ``Evaluating'' are more prevalent in users' second and third prompts within a single usage session, suggesting a shift toward higher-order thinking. However, in reviewing users' engagement with AI tools over several weeks, we found that users converge toward passive reading engagement over time. Based on these results, we propose design implications for future AI reading-support systems, including structured scaffolds for lower-level cognitive tasks (e.g., recalling terms) and proactive prompts that encourage higher-order thinking (e.g., analyzing, applying, evaluating). Additionally, we advocate for adaptive, human-in-the-loop features that allow students and instructors to tailor their reading experiences with AI, balancing efficiency with enriched cognitive engagement. Our paper expands the dialogue on integrating AI into academic reading, highlighting both its potential benefits and challenges.
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