用物理引导的多模态变压器统一气象AI,让模型更科学可靠。
Physics-Guided Multimodal Transformers are the Necessary Foundation for the Next Generation of Meteorological Science
- 用变压器架构融合卫星图像与传感器数据,实现跨模态对齐。
- 引入物理约束和信息损失函数,使预测结果符合基本物理规律。
- 适合关注气候建模、极端天气预报的科研人员参考。
本文主张,下一代气象与气候科学的人工智能必须从零散的混合启发式方法转向统一的物理引导多模态变压器范式。尽管纯数据驱动模型在预测精度上取得显著进展,但常将大气过程视为单纯视觉模式,导致结果缺乏科学一致性或违反基本物理定律。当前尝试通过‘混合’方式弥合这一差距的方法仍属临时性设计,难以在从卫星图像到稀疏传感器测量的异构气象数据中有效扩展。我们认为,变压器架构凭借其内在的跨模态对齐能力,是唯一可行的基础,可系统性地通过物理约束嵌入和物理信息损失函数整合领域知识。倡导这一统一架构转变,旨在推动社区摆脱‘黑箱拟合’,迈向可证伪、科学根基扎实且能应对极端天气与气候变化等生存挑战的AI系统。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This position paper argues that the next generation of artificial intelligence in meteorological and climate sciences must transition from fragmented hybrid heuristics toward a unified paradigm of physics-guided multimodal transformers. While purely data-driven models have achieved significant gains in predictive accuracy, they often treat atmospheric processes as mere visual patterns, frequently producing results that lack scientific consistency or violate fundamental physical laws. We contend that current ``hybrid'' attempts to bridge this gap remain ad-hoc and struggle to scale across the heterogeneous nature of meteorological data ranging from satellite imagery to sparse sensor measurements. We argue that the transformer architecture, through its inherent capacity for cross-modal alignment, provides the only viable foundation for a systematic integration of domain knowledge via physical constraint embedding and physics-informed loss functions. By advocating for this unified architectural shift, we aim to steer the community away from ``black-box'' curve fitting and toward AI systems that are inherently falsifiable, scientifically grounded, and robust enough to address the existential challenges of extreme weather and climate change.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。